执法 執法 zhí fǎ to enforce a law / law enforcement 民事 mín shì civil case / agricultural affairs / civil 定律 dìng lǜ scientific law (e.g. law of conservation of energy) / (in human affairs) a generalization based on observation (e.g. "power corrupts") syn 严刑 嚴刑 yán xíng strict law / cruel punishment / to carry out cruel law rigorously syn 起诉书 起訴書 qǐ sù shū indictment (law) / statement of charges (law) syn 亲家 親家 qìng jia parents of one's daughter-in-law or son-in-law / relatives by marriage syn 王法 wáng fǎ the law / the law of the land / the law of a state (in former times) / criterion syn 以身试法 以身試法 yǐ shēn shì fǎ to challenge the law (idiom) / to knowingly violate the law syn 护法 護法 hù fǎ to keep the law / to protect Buddha's teachings / protector of Buddhist law (i.e. temple donor) 法治 fǎ zhì rule of law / to rule by law syn 内乱 內亂 nèi luàn internal disorder / civil strife / civil unrest syn 贪赃枉法 貪贓枉法 tān zāng wǎng fǎ corruption and abuse of the law (idiom) / to take bribes and bend the law syn 天道 tiān dào natural law / heavenly law / weather (dialect) syn 公司法 gōng sī fǎ corporations law / company law / corporate law 习惯法 習慣法 xí guàn fǎ customary law / common law 婆媳 pó xí mother-in-law and daughter-in-law 民事责任 民事責任 mín shì zé rèn civil liability (law) 节度使 節度使 jié dù shǐ Tang and Song dynasty provincial governor, in Tang times having military and civil authority, but only civil authority in Song 公务员法 gōng wù yuán fǎ Civil Service Law 法政 fá zhèng law and government / law and politics syn 执法如山 執法如山 zhí fǎ rú shān to maintain the law as firm as a mountain (idiom) / to enforce the law strictly syn 保 bǎo to defend / to protect / to keep / to guarantee / to ensure / (old) civil administration unit in the baojia 保甲[bao3jia3] system syn 国内 國內 guó nèi domestic / internal (to a country) / civil syn 内战 內戰 nèi zhàn civil war syn 绕道 繞道 rào dào to go by a roundabout route / to take a detour / (medicine or civil engineering) bypass syn 公务员 公務員 gōng wù yuán civil servant / public servant syn 民权 民權 mín quán civil liberties 公民权 公民權 gōng mín quán civil rights / citizenship rights 文职 文職 wén zhí civilian post (as opposed to military) / civil service / administration 公职 公職 gōng zhí civil service / public office / government job 民航 mín háng civil aviation 民防 mín fáng civil defence 工事 gōng shì defensive structure / military fortifications / (Tw) construction works / civil engineering works syn 路基 lù jī (civil engineering) roadbed 会试 會試 huì shì metropolitan examination (imperial civil service examination) syn 进士 進士 jìn shì successful candidate in the highest imperial civil service examination / palace graduate 土木 tǔ mù building / construction / civil engineering syn 民警 mín jǐng civil police / PRC police / abbr. for 人民警察 syn 祖籍 zǔ jí ancestral hometown / original domicile (and civil registration) syn 民政 mín zhèng civil administration 民政局 mín zhèng jú Bureau of Civil Affairs 文武 wén wǔ civil and military syn 人民警察 rén mín jǐng chá civil police / PRC police syn 土建 tǔ jiàn civil engineering / same as 土木工程[tu3 mu4 gong1 cheng2] 民事诉讼 民事訴訟 mín shì sù sòng common plea / civil appeal (as opposed to criminal case) 民政部 mín zhèng bù Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) of the PRC 土木工程 tǔ mù gōng chéng civil engineering syn 都督 dū dū (army) commander-in-chief (archaic) / provincial military governor and civil administrator during the early Republic of China era (1911-1949 AD) 民航总局 民航總局 mín háng zǒng jú General Civil Aviation Authority 中国民航 中國民航 zhōng guó mín háng General Administration of Civil Aviation of China (CAAC) 民政厅 民政廳 mín zhèng tīng provincial department of civil affairs 民法典 mín fǎ diǎn civil code 公职人员 公職人員 gōng zhí rén yuán civil servant 公民权利 公民權利 gōng mín quán lì civil rights 白求恩 bái qiú ēn Norman Bethune (1890-1939), Canadian doctor, worked for communists in Spanish civil war and for Mao in Yan'an, where he died of blood poisoning 公务员制度 公務員制度 gōng wù yuán zhì duó civil service 益民 yì mín good citizens / the right side in a civil war 淮海战役 淮海戰役 huái hǎi zhàn yì Huaihai Campaign (Nov 1948-Jan 1949), one of the three major campaigns by the People's Liberation Army near the end of the Chinese Civil War, considered the determining battle of the war 官制 guān zhì the civil service system / the bureaucratic system 民运 民運 mín yùn civil transport / movement aimed at the masses / democracy movement (abbr.) 民变 民變 mín biàn mass uprising / popular revolt / civil commotion 条 條 tiáo strip / item / article / clause (of law or treaty) / classifier for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers etc) syn 法 灋 fǎ old variant of 法[fa3] / law syn 法律 fǎ lǜ law / CL:條|条[tiao2], 套[tao4], 個|个[ge4] syn 法庭 fǎ tíng court of law syn 准 準 zhǔn accurate / standard / definitely / certainly / about to become (bride, son-in-law etc) / quasi- / para- syn 亲 親 qìng parents-in-law of one's offspring syn 无辜 無辜 wú gū innocent / innocence / not guilty (law) syn 法院 fǎ yuàn court of law / court syn 违反 違反 wéi fǎn to violate (a law) syn 治安 zhì ān law and order / public security syn 判决 判決 pàn jué judgment (by a court of law) / to pass judgment on / to sentence syn 违法 違法 wéi fǎ illegal / to break the law syn 委托人 wěi tuō rén (law) client / trustor syn 公 gōng public / collectively owned / common / international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar) / make public / fair / just / Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4] / honorable (gentlemen) / father-in-law / male (animal) syn 裁判 cái pàn (law) to judge / to adjudicate / verdict / judgement / (sports) to referee / (sports) umpire / referee / judge syn 证物 證物 zhèng wù exhibit (law) syn 法案 fǎ àn bill / proposed law syn 宝藏 寶藏 bǎo zàng precious mineral deposits / hidden treasure / (fig.) treasure / (Buddhism) the treasure of Buddha's law syn 逍遥法外 逍遙法外 xiāo yáo fǎ wài unfettered and beyond the law (idiom) / evading retribution / getting away with it (e.g. crimes) / still at large 条款 條款 tiáo kuǎn clause (of contract or law) / CL:項|项[xiang4] syn 犯法 fàn fǎ to break the law syn 逃犯 táo fàn escaped criminal / fugitive from the law syn 法则 法則 fǎ zé law / rule / code syn 殴打 毆打 ōu dǎ to beat up / to come to blows / battery (law) syn 过失 過失 guò shī error / fault / (law) negligence / delinquency syn 规律 規律 guī lǜ rule (e.g. of science) / law of behavior / regular pattern / rhythm / discipline syn 法学院 法學院 fǎ xué yuàn law school 婆婆 pó po husband's mother / mother-in-law / grandma syn 管制 guǎn zhì to control / to restrict / (PRC law) non-custodial sentence with specified restrictions on one's activities for up to 3 years (e.g. not to participate in demonstrations) syn 庇护 庇護 bì hù to shelter / to protect / to provide refuge / (law) asylum syn 法定 fǎ dìng statutory / law-based / legal syn 女婿 nǚ xù daughter's husband / son-in-law syn 江湖 jiāng hú rivers and lakes / all corners of the country / remote areas to which hermits retreat / section of society operating independently of mainstream society, out of reach of the law / the milieu in which wuxia tales play out (cf. 武俠|武侠[wu3xia2]) / (in late imperial times) world of traveling merchants, itinerant doctors, fortune tellers etc / demimonde / (in modern times) triads / secret gangster societies / underworld syn 岳父 yuè fù wife's father, father-in-law syn 绳之以法 繩之以法 shéng zhī yǐ fǎ to punish according to the law / to bring to justice syn 通缉犯 通緝犯 tōng jī fàn wanted criminal / fugitive (from the law) 守法 shǒu fǎ to abide by the law 岳母 yuè mǔ wife's mother, mother-in-law syn 