A calendar of Chinese history
20 events
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War
Tumu Crisis
On 1 September 1449, the Ming army is crushed at Tumu by Esen Taishi's Oirat Mongols and Emperor Yingzong is taken prisoner. It stands as one of the greatest military failures of the dynasty.
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Birth
Birth of Emperor Jingzong of Liao
Yelü Xian, the future Emperor Jingzong of Liao, is born in 948. The fifth emperor of the Liao dynasty, he reigns from 969 to 982, between Emperor Muzong and Emperor Shengzong.
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Birth
Birth of Ho Feng Shan
Diplomat Ho Feng Shan is born on 1 September 1901 in Yiyang, Hunan. As a Republic of China consular officer in Vienna, he issued thousands of visas to Jews fleeing Nazi persecution, and was later named Righteous Among the Nations.
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War
Start of the Battle of Taiyuan
The Battle of Taiyuan begins on 1 September 1937. It pits the Imperial Japanese Army against China's National Revolutionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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Death
Death of Feng Yuxiang
Warlord Feng Yuxiang dies on 1 September 1948. Born in 1882, he had taken part in the overthrow of the Qing empire and was one of the military figures of the early Republic of China.
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Death
Death of He Xiangning
Revolutionary and painter He Xiangning dies on 1 September 1972. An early member of Sun Yat-sen's Tongmenghui alongside her husband Liao Zhongkai, she served as minister for women's rights in the nationalist government in Guangzhou and organised China's first International Women's Day rally in 1924.
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Birth
Birth of Ye Guangfu
Astronaut Ye Guangfu is born in Chengdu on 1 September 1980. An air force pilot, he was selected in 2010 for China's second group of astronauts and qualified for crewed spaceflight in 2014.
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Birth
Birth of Zhang Fengyi
Chinese actor Zhang Fengyi is born on 1 September 1956 in Changsha, Hunan province.
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Birth
Birth of Jody Chiang
Taiwanese singer Jody Chiang, also known as Jiang Hui, is born on 1 September 1961. A leading figure in Hokkien pop since the 1980s, she announced her retirement in 2015 after a cancer diagnosis and returned to performing in 2024.
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Birth
Birth of Ma Zhaoxu
Diplomat and politician Ma Zhaoxu is born in Harbin on 1 September 1963.
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Birth
Birth of Yang Xiuli
Chinese judoka Yang Xiuli is born on 1 September 1983. She competes in the under-78 kg category.
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Birth
Birth of Li Jinzhe
Long jumper Li Jinzhe is born in Beijing on 1 September 1989.
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Birth
Birth of Qin Junjie
Chinese actor Qin Junjie is born on 1 September 1991. He made his debut in the 2006 film Curse of the Golden Flower and became known for the television series Noble Aspirations and Legend of Dragon Pearl.
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Birth
Birth of Liu Xiang
Chinese swimmer Liu Xiang is born on 1 September 1996.
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Birth
Birth of Yao Wei
Footballer Yao Wei is born in Fuyang on 1 September 1997. A midfielder, she has played for the national team since 2017.
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Event
Opening of Nyingchi Mainling Airport
Nyingchi Mainling Airport opens on 1 September 2006 in the Tibet Autonomous Region. Set deep in a winding valley, it is regarded as one of the most challenging instrument approaches in the world.
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Event
Opening of Daqing Sartu Airport
Daqing Sartu Airport is inaugurated on 1 September 2009. Begun in 2007, it serves the city of Daqing in Heilongjiang province.
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Death
Death of Yang Yongsong
Major general Yang Yongsong dies on 1 September 2022. Born in Guangdong in 1919, he joined the Red Army in 1931, took part in the Long March, and fought at Pingxingguan and Xinkou during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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Death
Death of Norman Chui
Hong Kong actor Norman Chui, also known as Hsu Hsao-chiang, dies on 1 September 2024. Born in 1950, he had appeared in more than a hundred films.
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Event
Creation of Jinfeng Township
Jinfeng Township is created on 1 September 1958 in Taitung County, Taiwan. This mountain township is mainly home to the Paiwan, one of the island's indigenous peoples.