rivers and lakes / all corners of the country / remote areas to which hermits retreat / section of society operating independently of mainstream society, out of reach of the law / the milieu in which wuxia tales play out (cf. 武俠|武侠[wu3xia2]) / (in late imperial times) world of traveling merchants, itinerant doctors, fortune tellers etc / demimonde / (in modern times) triads / secret gangster societies / underworld
lit. to sound out the difficulties and retreat to avoid defeat (idiom) / fig. to back out of an awkward situation / to get out on finding out what it's really like
(idiom based on Sunzi's "The Art of War" 孫子兵法|孙子兵法[Sun1zi3 Bing1fa3]) to deploy one's troops in such a way that there is no possibility of retreat, so that they will fight for their lives and win the battle / to fight desperately when confronted with mortal danger / to find a way to emerge from a dire situation
lit. billy goat's horns caught in the fence (idiom from Book of Changes 易經|易经) / impossible to advance or to retreat / without any way out of a dilemma / trapped / in an impossible situation
lit. billy goat's horns caught in the fence (idiom from Book of Changes 易經|易经) / impossible to advance or to retreat / without any way out of a dilemma / trapped / in an impossible situation
(idiom) to be unable to return to one's hometown due to the shame of failure (originally referred to Xiang Yu 項羽|项羽[Xiang4 Yu3], who chose not to retreat to Jiangdong after his humiliating defeat)
16-character formula, esp. Mao Zedong's mantra on guerrilla warfare: 敵進我退,敵駐我擾,敵疲我打,敵退我追|敌进我退,敌驻我扰,敌疲我打,敌退我追[di2 jin4 wo3 tui4 , di2 zhu4 wo3 rao3 , di2 pi2 wo3 da3 , di2 tui4 wo3 zhui1] when the enemy advances we retreat / when the enemy makes camp we harass / when the enemy is exhausted we fight / and when the enemy retreats we pursue
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