传 傳 zhuàn biography / historical narrative / commentaries / relay station syn 代 dài to be a substitute for / to act on behalf of / to replace / to substitute / generation / dynasty / age / period / (historical) era / (geological) eon syn 西服 xī fú suit / Western-style clothes (historical usage) syn 废墟 廢墟 fèi xū ruins syn 文物 wén wù cultural relic / historical relic / CL:件[jian4],個|个[ge4] 再现 再現 zài xiàn to recreate / to reconstruct (a historical relic) syn 遗迹 遺跡 yí jì trace / vestige / historical remains / remnant 遗址 遺址 yí zhǐ ruins / historic relics 火枪 火槍 huǒ qiāng firearms (in historical context) / flintlock (old powder and shot firearm) 古迹 古跡 gǔ jì places of historic interest / historical sites / CL:個|个[ge4] 普鲁士 普魯士 pǔ lǔ shì Prussia (historical German state) 诗篇 詩篇 shī piān a poem / a composition in verse / fig. epic (compared with historical epic) / the biblical Book of Psalms syn 翻案 fān àn to reverse a verdict / to present different views on a historical person or verdict 成语 成語 chéng yǔ Chinese set expression, typically of 4 characters, often alluding to a story or historical quotation / idiom / proverb / saying / adage / CL:條|条[tiao2],本[ben3],句[ju4] 考证 考證 kǎo zhèng to do textual research / to make textual criticism / to verify by means of research (esp. historical details) / to take an exam to get a certificate (abbr. for 考取證件|考取证件[kao3 qu3 zheng4 jian4]) syn 青史 qīng shǐ annal / historical record / CL:筆|笔[bi3] syn 名胜 名勝 míng shèng a place famous for its scenery or historical relics / scenic spot / CL:處|处[chu4] syn 史实 史實 shǐ shí historical fact syn 中华 中華 zhōng huá Zhonghua, historical and cultural term for China, often used to denote Chinese civilization and identity (as in 中華文化|中华文化[Zhong1hua2 wen2hua4] "Chinese culture") / used in the official name of the Republic of China, 中華民國|中华民国[Zhong1hua2 Min2guo2] syn 思潮 sī cháo tide of thought / way of thinking characteristic of a historical period / Zeitgeist syn 国语 國語 guó yǔ Chinese language (Mandarin), emphasizing its national nature / Chinese as a primary or secondary school subject / Chinese in the context of the Nationalist Government / Guoyu, book of historical narrative c. 10th-5th century BC syn 史料 shǐ liào historical material or data 名胜古迹 名勝古跡 míng shèng gǔ jì historical sites and scenic spots syn 历史剧 歷史劇 lì shǐ jù historical drama 演义 演義 yǎn yì to dramatize historical events / novel or play on historical theme 秀才 xiù cai a person who has passed the county level imperial exam (historical) / scholar / skillful writer / fine talent syn 上古 shàng gǔ the distant past / ancient times / antiquity / early historical times syn 继往开来 繼往開來 jì wǎng kāi lái to follow the past and herald the future (idiom) / part of a historical transition / forming a bridge between earlier and later stages syn 英吉利 yīng jí lì England (historical loan, from English) 残垣断壁 殘垣斷壁 cán yuán duàn bì lit. walls reduced to rubble (idiom) / fig. scene of devastation / ruins syn 承前启后 承前啟後 chéng qián qǐ hòu to follow the past and herald the future (idiom) / part of a historical transition / forming a bridge between earlier and later stages syn 陈迹 陳跡 chén jì past events / relics from a former age / ruins syn 列传 列傳 liè zhuàn historical biography 戏说 戲說 xì shuō dramatic form consisting of historical narration / history as jocular narrative / to stretch history for a joking story / amusing story with strained interpretations of history / to make an unreasonable comparison in jest syn 历史时期 歷史時期 lì shǐ shí qī historical period 历史人物 歷史人物 lì shǐ rén wù historical person 历史事件 歷史事件 lì shǐ shì jiàn historical incident 历史背景 歷史背景 lì shǐ bèi jǐng historical background 吴国 吳國 wú guó Wu state (in south China, in different historical periods) / Wu state 220-280, founded by Sun Quan 孫權|孙权 the southernmost of the three Kingdoms 历史博物馆 歷史博物館 lì shǐ bó wù guǎn historical museum 历史唯物主义 歷史唯物主義 lì shǐ wéi wù zhǔ yì historical materialism (Marx's theory of history) syn 史籍 shǐ jí historical records syn 掌故 zhǎng gù anecdote / tales (esp. about a historical figure) syn 盛京 shèng jīng historical name of Shenyang 瀋陽|沈阳 in modern Liaoning province 殷墟 yīn xū Yinxu, ruins of Yinshang 殷商 city at Anyang 安陽|安阳 in Henan province, a World Heritage site syn 历史上 歷史上 lì shǐ shàng historical / in history 桃花扇 táo huā shàn The Peach Blossom Fan, historical play about the last days of the Ming dynasty by Kong Shangren 孔尚任[Kong3 Shang4 ren4] 叶 葉 yè leaf / page / lobe / (historical) period / classifier for small boats syn 崩 bēng to collapse / to fall into ruins / death of king or emperor / demise syn 吴 吳 wú surname Wu / area comprising southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang and Shanghai / name of states in southern China at different historical periods 汉阳 漢陽 hàn yáng Hanyang county in Hubei province / historical name Hanyang for Seoul, Korea 波西米亚 波西米亞 bō xī mǐ yà Bohemia, historical region in Central Europe / bohemian (i.e. artistic and unconventional) 残败 殘敗 cán bài dilapidated / in ruins 评话 評話 píng huà storytelling dramatic art dating back to Song and Yuan periods, single narrator without music, often historical topics with commentary syn 车裂 車裂 chē liè to tear off sb's four limbs and head using five horse-drawn carts (historical form of capital punishment) syn 平话 平話 píng huà storytelling dramatic art dating back to Song and Yuan periods, single narrator without music, often historical topics with commentary 姚雪垠 yáo xuě yín Yao Xueyin (1910-1999), PRC novelist, author of historical novel Li Zicheng 李自成 墟 xū ruins / (literary) village / variant of 圩[xu1] / country fair syn 老城区 老城區 lǎo chéng qū old city district / historical center 阿比西尼亚 阿比西尼亞 ā bǐ xī ní yà Abyssinia, historical name of Ethiopia 波美拉尼亚 波美拉尼亞 bō měi lā ní yà Pomerania, a historical region on the south shore of the Baltic Sea 拟音 擬音 nǐ yīn to make a sound effect / sound effect / (historical linguistics) to reconstruct the sound system of an archaic language 祦 禑 wú happy / used in historical names 华屋丘墟 華屋丘墟 huá wū qiū xū magnificent building reduced to a mound of rubble (idiom) / fig. all one's plans in ruins 承上起下 chéng shàng qǐ xià to follow the past and herald the future (idiom) / part of a historical transition / forming a bridge between earlier and later stages 轶事遗闻 軼事遺聞 yì shì yí wén anecdote (about historical person) / lost or apocryphal story 基址 jī zhǐ foundation / footing / base / ruins (of a historical building) 且末遗址 且末遺址 qiě mò yí zhǐ ruins of Cherchen, Qarqan or Chiemo, archaeological site in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture 巴音郭楞蒙古自治州, Xinjiang 礼崩乐坏 禮崩樂壞 lǐ bēng yuè huài rites and music are in ruins (idiom) / fig. society in total disarray / cf. 禮樂|礼乐[li3 yue4] 轮台古城 輪台古城 lún tái gǔ chéng ruins of Luntai city, archaeological site in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture 巴音郭楞蒙古自治州, Xinjiang 阖闾城遗址 闔閭城遺址 hé lǘ chéng yí zhǐ ruins of capital city of King Helu of Wu, from 6th century BC, at modern Wuxi, Jiangsu 颓垣断壁 頹垣斷壁 tuí yuán duàn bì lit. walls reduced to rubble (idiom) / fig. scene of devastation / ruins 黑水城 hēi shuǐ chéng ruins of Heishui Town of Xixia 西夏[Xi1 Xia4] people, in Ejin Banner 額濟納旗|额济纳旗[E2 ji4 na4 Qi2], Alxa League 阿拉善盟[A1 la1 shan4 Meng2], Inner Mongolia 断壁残垣 斷壁殘垣 duàn bì cán yuán lit. walls reduced to rubble (idiom) / fig. scene of devastation / ruins syn 残垣败壁 殘垣敗壁 cán yuán bài bì lit. walls reduced to rubble (idiom) / fig. scene of devastation / ruins 残垣 殘垣 cán yuán (literary) ruined walls / ruins 断垣残壁 斷垣殘壁 duàn yuán cán bì lit. walls reduced to rubble (idiom) / fig. scene of devastation / ruins syn 断壁颓垣 斷壁頹垣 duàn bì tuí yuán lit. walls reduced to rubble (idiom) / fig. scene of devastation / ruins 文献学 文獻學 wén xiàn xué Philology / Historical Linguistics 大长今 大長今 dà cháng jīn Dae Jang Geum, a 2003 Korean historical drama TV series 释迦牟尼佛 釋迦牟尼佛 shì jiā móu ní fó Sakyamuni Buddha (Sanskrit: sage of the Sakya) / Siddhartha Gautama (563-485 BC), the historical Buddha and founder of Buddhism 司马辽太郎 司馬遼太郎 sī mǎ liáo tài láng SHIBA Ryotarō (1923-1996), Japanese author of historical novels 索国 索國 suǒ guó Somalia / Somaliland / (Tw) Solomon Islands / Suoguo, a state recorded in the Chinese historical texts, said to have been established by the ancestors of the Göktürks 越国 越國 yuè guó Yue state / generic term for states in south China or southeast Asia at different historical periods 九寨沟风景名胜区 九寨溝風景名勝區 jiǔ zhài gōu fēng jǐng míng shèng qū Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historical Interest Area, Sichuan 亚罗号 亞羅號 yà luó hào the Arrow (a Hong Kong registered ship involved in historical incident in 1856 used as pretext for the second Opium War) 册府元龟 冊府元龜 cè fǔ yuán guī Prime tortoise of the record bureau, Song dynasty historical encyclopedia of political essays, autobiography, memorials and decrees, compiled 1005-1013 under Wang Qinruo 王欽若|王钦若 and Yang Yi 楊億|杨亿, 1000 scrolls 判读 判讀 pàn dú to interpret (a visual document, a medical exam, an historical event etc) / to analyze data (from a chip, a black box etc) 古蹟 gǔ jì variant of 古跡|古迹, place of historic interest / historical site 史传 史傳 shǐ zhuàn historical biography 史传小说 史傳小說 shǐ zhuàn xiǎo shuō historical novel 史观 史觀 shǐ guān historical point of view / historically speaking 吴越 吳越 wú yuè states of south China in different historical periods / proverbially perpetual arch-enemies 哀家 āi jiā I, me (self-referring by a widowed empress etc, used in historical novels and operas) 乔答摩 喬答摩 qiáo dā mó Gautama, surname of the Siddhartha, the historical Buddha 国务长官 國務長官 guó wù zhǎng guān secretary of state (esp. historical, or Japanese or Korean usage) 大西洋国 大西洋國 dà xī yáng guó Historical name for Portugal during the Qing dynasty 季世 jì shì final phase / end of a historical era 廷巴克图 廷巴克圖 tíng bā kè tú Timbuktoo (town and historical cultural center in Mali, a World Heritage site) 