代 dài to be a substitute for / to act on behalf of / to replace / to substitute / generation / dynasty / age / period / (historical) era / (geological) eon syn 传 傳 zhuàn biography / historical narrative / commentaries / relay station syn 文物 wén wù cultural relic / historical relic / CL:件[jian4],個|个[ge4] 成语 成語 chéng yǔ Chinese set expression, typically of 4 characters, often alluding to a story or historical quotation / idiom / proverb / saying / adage / CL:條|条[tiao2],本[ben3],句[ju4] 名胜古迹 名勝古跡 míng shèng gǔ jì historical sites and scenic spots syn 中华 中華 zhōng huá Zhonghua, historical and cultural term for China, often used to denote Chinese civilization and identity (as in 中華文化|中华文化[Zhong1hua2 wen2hua4] "Chinese culture") / used in the official name of the Republic of China, 中華民國|中华民国[Zhong1hua2 Min2guo2] syn 国语 國語 guó yǔ Chinese language (Mandarin), emphasizing its national nature / Chinese as a primary or secondary school subject / Chinese in the context of the Nationalist Government / Guoyu, book of historical narrative c. 10th-5th century BC syn 再现 再現 zài xiàn to recreate / to reconstruct (a historical relic) syn 名胜 名勝 míng shèng a place famous for its scenery or historical relics / scenic spot / CL:處|处[chu4] syn 考证 考證 kǎo zhèng to do textual research / to make textual criticism / to verify by means of research (esp. historical details) / to take an exam to get a certificate (abbr. for 考取證件|考取证件[kao3 qu3 zheng4 jian4]) syn 秀才 xiù cai a person who has passed the county level imperial exam (historical) / scholar / skillful writer / fine talent syn 遗迹 遺跡 yí jì trace / vestige / historical remains / remnant 上古 shàng gǔ the distant past / ancient times / antiquity / early historical times syn 西服 xī fú suit / Western-style clothes (historical usage) syn 史料 shǐ liào historical material or data 古迹 古跡 gǔ jì places of historic interest / historical sites / CL:個|个[ge4] 演义 演義 yǎn yì to dramatize historical events / novel or play on historical theme 思潮 sī cháo tide of thought / way of thinking characteristic of a historical period / Zeitgeist syn 诗篇 詩篇 shī piān a poem / a composition in verse / fig. epic (compared with historical epic) / the biblical Book of Psalms syn 列传 列傳 liè zhuàn historical biography 史实 史實 shǐ shí historical fact syn 戏说 戲說 xì shuō dramatic form consisting of historical narration / history as jocular narrative / to stretch history for a joking story / amusing story with strained interpretations of history / to make an unreasonable comparison in jest syn 历史时期 歷史時期 lì shǐ shí qī historical period 历史人物 歷史人物 lì shǐ rén wù historical person 历史事件 歷史事件 lì shǐ shì jiàn historical incident 历史背景 歷史背景 lì shǐ bèi jǐng historical background 火枪 火槍 huǒ qiāng firearms (in historical context) / flintlock (old powder and shot firearm) 吴国 吳國 wú guó Wu state (in south China, in different historical periods) / Wu state 220-280, founded by Sun Quan 孫權|孙权 the southernmost of the three Kingdoms 青史 qīng shǐ annal / historical record / CL:筆|笔[bi3] syn 历史博物馆 歷史博物館 lì shǐ bó wù guǎn historical museum 继往开来 繼往開來 jì wǎng kāi lái to follow the past and herald the future (idiom) / part of a historical transition / forming a bridge between earlier and later stages syn 普鲁士 普魯士 pǔ lǔ shì Prussia (historical German state) 翻案 fān àn to reverse a verdict / to present different views on a historical person or verdict 历史剧 歷史劇 lì shǐ jù historical drama 历史唯物主义 歷史唯物主義 lì shǐ wéi wù zhǔ yì historical materialism (Marx's theory of history) syn 史籍 shǐ jí historical records syn 承前启后 承前啟後 chéng qián qǐ hòu to follow the past and herald the future (idiom) / part of a historical transition / forming a bridge between earlier and later stages syn 英吉利 yīng jí lì England (historical loan, from English) 掌故 zhǎng gù anecdote / tales (esp. about a historical figure) syn 盛京 shèng jīng historical name of Shenyang 瀋陽|沈阳 in modern Liaoning province 桃花扇 táo huā shàn The Peach Blossom Fan, historical play about the last days of the Ming dynasty by Kong Shangren 孔尚任[Kong3 Shang4 ren4] 评话 評話 píng huà storytelling dramatic art dating back to Song and Yuan periods, single narrator without music, often historical topics with commentary syn 车裂 車裂 chē liè to tear off sb's four limbs and head using five horse-drawn carts (historical form of capital punishment) syn 平话 平話 píng huà storytelling dramatic art dating back to Song and Yuan periods, single narrator without music, often historical topics with commentary 姚雪垠 yáo xuě yín Yao Xueyin (1910-1999), PRC novelist, author of historical novel Li Zicheng 李自成 叶 葉 yè leaf / page / lobe / (historical) period / classifier for small boats syn 吴 吳 wú surname Wu / area comprising southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang and Shanghai / name of states in southern China at different historical periods 祦 禑 wú happy / used in historical names 承上起下 chéng shàng qǐ xià to follow the past and herald the future (idiom) / part of a historical transition / forming a bridge between earlier and later stages 轶事遗闻 軼事遺聞 yì shì yí wén anecdote (about historical person) / lost or apocryphal story 汉阳 漢陽 hàn yáng Hanyang county in Hubei province / historical name Hanyang for Seoul, Korea 波西米亚 波西米亞 bō xī mǐ yà Bohemia, historical region in Central Europe / bohemian (i.e. artistic and unconventional) 老城区 老城區 lǎo chéng qū old city district / historical center 阿比西尼亚 阿比西尼亞 ā bǐ xī ní yà Abyssinia, historical name of Ethiopia 波美拉尼亚 波美拉尼亞 bō měi lā ní yà Pomerania, a historical region on the south shore of the Baltic Sea 拟音 擬音 nǐ yīn to make a sound effect / sound effect / (historical linguistics) to reconstruct the sound system of an archaic language 文献学 文獻學 wén xiàn xué Philology / Historical Linguistics 大长今 大長今 dà cháng jīn Dae Jang Geum, a 2003 Korean historical drama TV series 释迦牟尼佛 釋迦牟尼佛 shì jiā móu ní fó Sakyamuni Buddha (Sanskrit: sage of the Sakya) / Siddhartha Gautama (563-485 BC), the historical Buddha and founder of Buddhism 司马辽太郎 司馬遼太郎 sī mǎ liáo tài láng SHIBA Ryotarō (1923-1996), Japanese author of historical novels 索国 索國 suǒ guó Somalia / Somaliland / (Tw) Solomon Islands / Suoguo, a state recorded in the Chinese historical texts, said to have been established by the ancestors of the Göktürks 越国 越國 yuè guó Yue state / generic term for states in south China or southeast Asia at different historical periods 九寨沟风景名胜区 九寨溝風景名勝區 jiǔ zhài gōu fēng jǐng míng shèng qū Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historical Interest Area, Sichuan 亚罗号 亞羅號 yà luó hào the Arrow (a Hong Kong registered ship involved in historical incident in 1856 used as pretext for the second Opium War) 册府元龟 冊府元龜 cè fǔ yuán guī Prime tortoise of the record bureau, Song dynasty historical encyclopedia of political essays, autobiography, memorials and decrees, compiled 1005-1013 under Wang Qinruo 王欽若|王钦若 and Yang Yi 楊億|杨亿, 1000 scrolls 判读 判讀 pàn dú to interpret (a visual document, a medical exam, an historical event etc) / to analyze data (from a chip, a black box etc) 古蹟 gǔ jì variant of 古跡|古迹, place of historic interest / historical site 史传 史傳 shǐ zhuàn historical biography 史传小说 史傳小說 shǐ zhuàn xiǎo shuō historical novel 史观 史觀 shǐ guān historical point of view / historically speaking 吴越 吳越 wú yuè states of south China in different historical periods / proverbially perpetual arch-enemies 哀家 āi jiā I, me (self-referring by a widowed empress etc, used in historical novels and operas) 乔答摩 喬答摩 qiáo dā mó Gautama, surname of the Siddhartha, the historical Buddha 国务长官 國務長官 guó wù zhǎng guān secretary of state (esp. historical, or Japanese or Korean usage) 基址 jī zhǐ foundation / footing / base / ruins (of a historical building) 大西洋国 大西洋國 dà xī yáng guó Historical name for Portugal during the Qing dynasty 季世 jì shì final phase / end of a historical era 廷巴克图 廷巴克圖 tíng bā kè tú Timbuktoo (town and historical cultural center in Mali, a World Heritage site) 成语典故 成語典故 chéng yǔ diǎn gù historical or literary anecdote that gives rise to a saying 故迹 故跡 gù jì historical ruins 东突厥斯坦 東突厥斯坦 dōng tū jué sī tǎn East Turkestan / historical term for Xinjiang 历史沿革 歷史沿革 lì shǐ yán gé historical development / background 历史版本 歷史版本 lì shǐ bǎn běn historical version / a previous version (of an app, document etc) 历史观点 歷史觀點 lì shǐ guān diǎn historical standpoint 历史遗产 歷史遺產 lì shǐ yí chǎn heritage / historical legacy 毐 ǎi see historical character Lao Ai 嫪毐 / by extension, person of reprehensible morals / immoral / adulterer 海东 海東 hǎi dōng see 海東市|海东市[Hai3dong1 Shi4] / (also can refer to Liaodong, the Korean Peninsula, Bohai or Japan, depending on the historical context) 海瑞罢官 海瑞罷官 hǎi ruì bà guān Hai Rui dismissed from office, 1960 historical play by historian Wu Han 吳晗|吴晗 清实录 清實錄 qīng shí lù Qing historical archive, currently 4484 scrolls 生卒年 shēng zú nián dates of birth and death (of historical figure) 疏勒国 疏勒國 shū lè guó Shule, oasis state in central Asia (near modern Kashgar) at different historical periods 瞿昙 瞿曇 qú tán Gautama, surname of the Siddhartha, the historical Buddha 碑志 碑誌 bēi zhì historical record inscribed on tablet syn 秦岭蜀栈道 秦嶺蜀棧道 qín lǐng shǔ zhàn dào the Qinling plank road to Shu, a historical mountain road from Shaanxi to Sichuan 维扬 維揚 wéi yáng historical name for Yangzhou 揚州|扬州[Yang2zhou1] 蔡东藩 蔡東藩 cài dōng fān Cai Dongfan (1877-1945), historian and historical novelist 卫氏朝鲜 衛氏朝鮮 wèi shì cháo xiǎn Wiman Korea (195-108 BC), historical kingdom in Manchuria, Liaoning and North Korea 卫满朝鲜 衛滿朝鮮 wèi mǎn cháo xiǎn Wiman Korea (195-108 BC), historical kingdom in Manchuria, Liaoning and North Korea 褚人获 褚人獲 chǔ rén huò Chu Renhuo (1635-1682), author of historical novel Dramatized History of Sui and Tang 隋唐演義|隋唐演义[Sui2 Tang2 Yan3 yi4] 