大战 大戰 dà zhàn war / to wage war syn 开战 開戰 kāi zhàn to start a war / to make war / to battle against syn 民事 mín shì civil case / agricultural affairs / civil 参战 參戰 cān zhàn to go to war / to engage in war 备战 備戰 bèi zhàn prepared against war / to prepare for war / warmongering syn 拔河 bá hé tug-of-war / to take part in a tug-of-war 持久战 持久戰 chí jiǔ zhàn prolonged war / war of attrition 内乱 內亂 nèi luàn internal disorder / civil strife / civil unrest syn 抗战 抗戰 kàng zhàn war of resistance, especially the war against Japan (1937-1945) 靖国神社 靖國神社 jìng guó shén shè Yasukuni Shrine, Shinto shrine in Tokyo to Japanese war dead, controversial as burial ground of several Class A war criminals 节度使 節度使 jié dù shǐ Tang and Song dynasty provincial governor, in Tang times having military and civil authority, but only civil authority in Song 白求恩 bái qiú ēn Norman Bethune (1890-1939), Canadian doctor, worked for communists in Spanish civil war and for Mao in Yan'an, where he died of blood poisoning 益民 yì mín good citizens / the right side in a civil war 淮海战役 淮海戰役 huái hǎi zhàn yì Huaihai Campaign (Nov 1948-Jan 1949), one of the three major campaigns by the People's Liberation Army near the end of the Chinese Civil War, considered the determining battle of the war 共匪 gòng fěi communist bandit (i.e. PLA soldier (during the civil war) or Chinese communist (Tw)) 白军 白軍 bái jūn White Guard or White Movement, anti-communist troops fighting against the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (1917-1922) 车 車 jū war chariot (archaic) / rook (in Chinese chess) / rook (in chess) syn 战争 戰爭 zhàn zhēng war / conflict / CL:場|场[chang2],次[ci4] syn 战 戰 zhàn to fight / fight / war / battle syn 保 bǎo to defend / to protect / to keep / to guarantee / to ensure / (old) civil administration unit in the baojia 保甲[bao3jia3] system syn 大事 dà shì major event / major political event (war or change of regime) / major social event (wedding or funeral) / (do sth) in a big way / CL:件[jian4],樁|桩[zhuang1] syn 打仗 dǎ zhàng to fight a battle / to go to war syn 国内 國內 guó nèi domestic / internal (to a country) / civil syn 战利品 戰利品 zhàn lì pǐn spoils of war 战机 戰機 zhàn jī opportunity in a battle / fighter aircraft / war secret 绕道 繞道 rào dào to go by a roundabout route / to take a detour / (medicine or civil engineering) bypass syn 二战 二戰 èr zhàn World War II 世界大战 世界大戰 shì jiè dà zhàn world war 冷战 冷戰 lěng zhàn cold war / (fig.) strained relationship / to be barely on speaking terms 交战 交戰 jiāo zhàn to fight / to wage war syn 战俘 戰俘 zhàn fú prisoner of war syn 越战 越戰 yuè zhàn Vietnam War (1955-1975) 公务员 公務員 gōng wù yuán civil servant / public servant syn 战后 戰後 zhàn hòu after the war / postwar 宣战 宣戰 xuān zhàn to declare war syn 战车 戰車 zhàn chē war chariot / tank 战火 戰火 zhàn huǒ the flames of war syn 民权 民權 mín quán civil liberties 战败 戰敗 zhàn bài to lose a war syn 战事 戰事 zhàn shì war / hostilities / fighting syn 战俘营 戰俘營 zhàn fú yíng prisoner-of-war camp / POW camp 战犯 戰犯 zhàn fàn war criminal syn 遣返 qiǎn fǎn to repatriate (e.g. prisoners of war) / to send back 公民权 公民權 gōng mín quán civil rights / citizenship rights 战区 戰區 zhàn qū war zone / combat zone / (military) theater of operations syn 文职 文職 wén zhí civilian post (as opposed to military) / civil service / administration 总动员 總動員 zǒng dòng yuán general mobilization (for war etc) syn 波恩 bō ēn Bonn, a small town on the Rhine, Cold War capital of West Germany 1949-1990 战备 戰備 zhàn bèi war preparation 倒戈 dǎo gē to change sides in a war / turncoat syn 戴高乐 戴高樂 dài gāo lè Charles De Gaulle (1890-1970), French general and politician, leader of the Free French during World War II and president of the Republic 1959-1969 公职 公職 gōng zhí civil service / public office / government job 战乱 戰亂 zhàn luàn chaos of war syn 兵法 bīng fǎ art of war / military strategy and tactics syn 战局 戰局 zhàn jú war situation 知己知彼 zhī jǐ zhī bǐ know yourself, know your enemy (idiom, from Sunzi's "The Art of War" 孫子兵法|孙子兵法[Sun1 zi3 Bing1 fa3]) syn 托尔斯泰 托爾斯泰 tuō ěr sī tài Tolstoy (name) / Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828-1910), great Russian novelist, author of War and Peace 戰爭與和平|战争与和平 阿瑞斯 ā ruì sī Ares, Greek god of war / Mars 大动干戈 大動干戈 dà dòng gān gē lit. to go to war (idiom) / fig. to make a big fuss over sth syn 民航 mín háng civil aviation 民防 mín fáng civil defence 工事 gōng shì defensive structure / military fortifications / (Tw) construction works / civil engineering works syn 败北 敗北 bài běi (literary) to be routed (in a war) / to suffer defeat (in sports etc) syn 干戈 gān gē weapons of war / arms syn 勃发 勃發 bó fā to sprout up / to flourish / (of war etc) to break out / rapid growth 路基 lù jī (civil engineering) roadbed 会试 會試 huì shì metropolitan examination (imperial civil service examination) syn 全线 全線 quán xiàn the whole front (in a war) / the whole length (of a road or railway line) 圣战 聖戰 shèng zhàn Holy war / jihad 进士 進士 jìn shì successful candidate in the highest imperial civil service examination / palace graduate 壮丁 壯丁 zhuàng dīng able-bodied man (capable of fighting in a war) syn 土木 tǔ mù building / construction / civil engineering syn 民法 mín fǎ civil law 二次大战 二次大戰 èr cì dà zhàn World War Two 空战 空戰 kōng zhàn air war / air warfare 解放战争 解放戰爭 jiě fàng zhàn zhēng War of Liberation (1945-49), after which the Communists 共產黨武裝|共产党武装 under Mao Zedong 毛澤東|毛泽东 took over from the Nationalists 國民政府|国民政府 under Chiang Kai-shek 蔣介石|蒋介石 战书 戰書 zhàn shū written war challenge 轴心国 軸心國 zhóu xīn guó Axis powers (World War II) 民警 mín jǐng civil police / PRC police / abbr. for 人民警察 syn 祖籍 zǔ jí ancestral hometown / original domicile (and civil registration) syn 汗马功劳 汗馬功勞 hàn mǎ gōng láo war exploits / (fig.) heroic contribution syn 战旗 戰旗 zhàn qí a war flag / an army banner 飞虎队 飛虎隊 fēi hǔ duì Flying Tigers, US airmen in China during World War Two / Hong Kong nickname for police special duties unit 司马 司馬 sī mǎ Minister of War (official title in pre-Han Chinese states) / two-character surname Sima 兵荒马乱 兵荒馬亂 bīng huāng mǎ luàn soldiers munity and troops rebel (idiom) / turmoil and chaos of war syn 你争我夺 你爭我奪 nǐ zhēng wǒ duó lit. you fight, I snatch (idiom) / to compete fiercely offering no quarter / fierce rivalry / tug-of-war 民政 mín zhèng civil administration 新军 新軍 xīn jūn New Armies (modernized Qing armies, trained and equipped according to Western standards, founded after Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895) 临战 臨戰 lín zhàn just before the contest / on the eve of war 对仗 對仗 duì zhàng antithesis (two lines of poetry matching in sense and sound) / to fight / to wage war syn 民政局 mín zhèng jú Bureau of Civil Affairs 文武 wén wǔ civil and military syn 人民警察 rén mín jǐng chá civil police / PRC police syn 朝鲜战争 朝鮮戰爭 cháo xiǎn zhàn zhēng Korean War (1950-1953) 商战 商戰 shāng zhàn trade war 旅顺 旅順 lǚ shùn Lüshun / Lüshunkou district of Dalian city 大連市|大连市, Liaoning / called Port Arthur during Russian occupation and Russian-Japanese war of 1905 孙子 孫子 sūn zǐ Sun Tzu, also known as Sun Wu 孫武|孙武[Sun1 Wu3] (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War” 孫子兵法|孙子兵法[Sun1 zi3 Bing1 fa3], one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1] syn 价格战 價格戰 jià gé zhàn price war 