听 yǐn smile (archaic) syn 笑 xiào to laugh / to smile / to laugh at syn 教训 教訓 jiào xun to provide guidance / to lecture sb / to upbraid / a talking-to / a bitter lesson / CL:番[fan1],頓|顿[dun4] syn 微笑 wēi xiào smile / CL:個|个[ge4],絲|丝[si1] / to smile syn 遭遇 zāo yù to meet with / to encounter / (bitter) experience syn 笑容 xiào róng smile / smiling expression / CL:副[fu4] syn 浮现 浮現 fú xiàn (of a thought or image) to come to mind / (of a smile etc) to appear (on sb's face) / (of a problem etc) to emerge syn 严酷 嚴酷 yán kù bitter / harsh / grim / ruthless / severe / cut-throat (competition) syn 苦力 kǔ lì bitter work / hard toil / (loanword) coolie, unskilled Chinese laborer in colonial times syn 冷笑 lěng xiào to sneer / to laugh grimly / grin of dissatisfaction (bitterness, helplessness, indignation etc) / bitter, grim, sarcastic or angry smile 惨痛 慘痛 cǎn tòng bitter / painful / deeply distressed syn 苦涩 苦澀 kǔ sè bitter and astringent / pained / agonized syn 惨烈 慘烈 cǎn liè bitter / desperate syn 苦果 kǔ guǒ lit. bitter fruit / fig. painful consequence syn 沉痛 chén tòng grief / remorse / deep in sorrow / bitter (anguish) / profound (condolences) syn 严寒 嚴寒 yán hán bitter cold / severe winter syn 苦瓜 kǔ guā bitter melon (bitter gourd, balsam pear, balsam apple, leprosy gourd, bitter cucumber) 奸笑 jiān xiào evil smile / sinister smile syn 苦战 苦戰 kǔ zhàn bitter struggle / hard battle / arduous effort syn 苦水 kǔ shuǐ bitter water (e.g. mineral water containing sulfates) / suffering / digestive fluids rising from stomach to the mouth / fig. bitter complaint syn 逗笑 dòu xiào to amuse / to cause to smile / amusing syn 含辛茹苦 hán xīn rú kǔ to suffer every possible torment (idiom) / bitter hardship / to bear one's cross syn 辛酸 xīn suān pungent (taste) / bitter / fig. sad / miserable syn 苦命 kǔ mìng hard lot / bitter fate / unfortunate syn 会心 會心 huì xīn knowing (of a smile, look etc) syn 酸甜苦辣 suān tián kǔ là sour, sweet, bitter and spicy hot / fig. the joys and sorrows of life syn 鏖战 鏖戰 áo zhàn bitter fighting / a violent battle syn 苦笑 kǔ xiào to force a smile / a bitter laugh syn 痛心疾首 tòng xīn jí shǒu bitter and hateful (idiom) / to grieve and lament (over sth) syn 笑面虎 xiào miàn hǔ man with a big smile and evil intentions syn 忍俊不禁 rěn jùn bù jīn cannot help laughing / unable to restrain a smile syn 五香 wǔ xiāng five spice seasoned / incorporating the five basic flavors of Chinese cooking (sweet, sour, bitter, savory, salty) 切肤之痛 切膚之痛 qiè fū zhī tòng keenly felt pain / bitter anguish syn 含笑 hán xiào to have a smile on one's face syn 会意 會意 huì yì combined ideogram (one of the Six Methods 六書|六书[liu4 shu1] of forming Chinese characters) / Chinese character that combines the meanings of existing elements / also known as joint ideogram or associative compound / to comprehend without being told explicitly / to cotton on / knowing (smile, glance etc) syn 叫苦 jiào kǔ to whine about hardships / to complain of one's bitter lot / to complain / to grumble 苦思 kǔ sī to think hard / bitter thoughts / to pour out one's sufferings syn 苦味 kǔ wèi bitter taste / bitterness syn 笑逐颜开 笑逐顏開 xiào zhú yán kāi smile spread across the face (idiom) / beaming with pleasure / all smiles / joy written across one's face syn 苦寒 kǔ hán bitter cold syn 暗喜 àn xǐ hidden smile / smirk / to rejoice covertly / secret satisfaction concerning one's evil plans syn 莞尔 莞爾 wǎn ěr (literary) to smile syn 笑吟吟 xiào yín yín smiling / with a smile syn 干笑 乾笑 gān xiào to give a hollow laugh / to force a smile / forced laugh / CL:聲|声[sheng1] syn 五味 wǔ wèi the five flavors, namely: sweet 甜, sour 酸, bitter 苦, spicy hot 辣, salty 鹹|咸 / all kinds of flavors 酸涩 酸澀 suān sè sour / acrid / (fig.) bitter / painful 怨毒 yuàn dú bitter resentment / rancor 皮笑肉不笑 pí xiào ròu bù xiào to put on a fake smile (idiom) / to smile insincerely syn 强颜欢笑 強顏歡笑 qiǎng yán huān xiào to pretend to look happy / to force oneself to smile syn 妃子笑 fēi zi xiào concubine's smile, a cultivar of lychee 粲然 càn rán clear and bright / with a big smile syn 赔笑 賠笑 péi xiào to smile apologetically or obsequiously 开颜 開顏 kāi yán to smile / to beam syn 苦口 kǔ kǒu lit. bitter taste (cf good medicine tastes bitter 良藥苦口|良药苦口) / fig. earnestly (of warning, advice) syn 苦 kǔ bitter / hardship / pain / to suffer / to bring suffering to / painstakingly syn 甘 gān (bound form) sweet / pleasant (contrasted with 苦[ku3]: bitter, unpleasant) / to be willing (to do sth) syn 痛哭流涕 tòng kū liú tì weeping bitter tears syn 荼 tú thistle / common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) / bitter (taste) / cruel / flowering grass in profusion 苦活 kǔ huó bitter work / sweated labor syn 吃哑巴亏 吃啞巴虧 chī yǎ ba kuī to be forced to suffer in silence / unable to speak of one's bitter suffering syn 莞 wǎn smile syn 枳壳 枳殼 zhǐ qiào bitter orange (Fructus aurantii) (used in TCM) 苦菜花 kǔ cài huā Bitter Herbs, 1958 novel by Feng Deying 馮德英|冯德英[Feng2 De2ying1], made into a film in 1965 哂 shěn (literary) to smile / to sneer syn 醰 tán bitter taste in wine / rich / full flavored 似笑非笑 sì xiào fēi xiào like a smile yet not a smile (idiom) 嫣然一笑 yān rán yī xiào to smile sweetly syn 一颦一笑 一顰一笑 yī pín yī xiào every frown and every smile syn 切骨之仇 qiè gǔ zhī chóu bitter hatred / hatred that cuts to the bone syn 嘴甜心苦 zuǐ tián xīn kǔ sweet mouth, bitter heart (idiom) / insincere flattery 良药苦口 良藥苦口 liáng yào kǔ kǒu good medicine tastes bitter (idiom) / fig. frank criticism is hard to swallow 茹苦含辛 rú kǔ hán xīn bitter hardship / to bear one's cross syn 逆耳之言 nì ěr zhī yán speech that grates on the ear (idiom) / bitter truths / home truths (that one does not want to hear) 食荼卧棘 食荼臥棘 shí tú wò jí to eat bitter fruit and lie on thorns (idiom) / to share the hard life of the common people 唹 yú to smile at 咲 xiào old variant of 笑, laugh / smile 媚笑 mèi xiào enchanting smile 会心微笑 會心微笑 huì xīn wēi xiào a knowing smile (idiom) 破颜 破顏 pò yán to break into a smile / (of flowers) to open 解颐 解頤 jiě yí to smile / to laugh 颔首微笑 頷首微笑 hàn shǒu wēi xiào to nod and smile 灿笑 燦笑 càn xiào to smile brightly 诡笑 詭笑 guǐ xiào smirk / insincere smile 法令纹 法令紋 fǎ lìng wén nasolabial fold / smile lines / laugh lines 鼻唇沟 鼻唇溝 bí chún gōu nasolabial fold / smile lines / laugh lines 笑而不语 笑而不語 xiào ér bù yǔ to smile but say nothing 莞尔一笑 莞爾一笑 wǎn ěr yī xiào (literary) to smile 面露 miàn lù to look (tired, pleased etc) / to wear (a smile, a puzzled expression etc) 姨母笑 yí mǔ xiào (neologism c. 2017) (slang) kindly, indulgent smile (usu. on the face of a woman) 嫣然一笑 yān rán - yī xiào (idiom) to smile sweetly syn 相视而笑 相視而笑 xiāng shì ér xiào (idiom) to look at each other and smile 仇隙 chóu xì feud / bitter quarrel 冷话 冷話 lěng huà harsh words / sarcasm / bitter remarks 吐苦水 tǔ kǔ shuǐ to have bitter digestive fluids rising to the mouth / fig. to complain bitterly / to pour out one's sufferings 哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出 啞巴吃黃連，有苦說不出 yǎ ba chī huáng lián , yǒu kǔ shuō bu chū to be forced to suffer in silence (idiom) / unable to speak of one's bitter suffering / sometimes written 啞子吃黃連，有苦說不出|哑子吃黄连，有苦说不出 拼到底 pīn dào dǐ to brave it out / to the bitter end 有苦说不出 有苦說不出 yǒu kǔ shuō bu chū having unspeakable bitter suffering / (often used after 啞巴吃黃連|哑巴吃黄连[ya3 ba5 chi1 huang2 lian2]) 气不过 氣不過 qì bu guò so angry it's unbearable / bitter about unbearable grievances 活罪 huó zuì bitter sufferings / great hardships 