反 fǎn contrary / in reverse / inside out or upside down / to reverse / to return / to oppose / opposite / against / anti- / to rebel / to use analogy / instead / abbr. for 反切[fan3 qie4] phonetic system syn 白 bái white / snowy / pure / bright / empty / blank / plain / clear / to make clear / in vain / gratuitous / free of charge / reactionary / anti-communist / funeral / to stare coldly / to write wrong character / to state / to explain / vernacular / spoken lines in opera syn 东瀛 東瀛 dōng yíng (literary) East China Sea / (literary) Japan syn 抗锯齿 抗鋸齒 kàng jù chǐ anti-aliasing 反锯齿 反鋸齒 fǎn jù chǐ anti-aliasing 念 niàn to read / to study (a subject) / to attend (a school) / to read aloud / to give (sb) a tongue-lashing (CL:頓|顿[dun4]) / to miss (sb) / idea / remembrance / twenty (banker's anti-fraud numeral corresponding to 廿[nian4]) syn 拾 shí to pick up / to collate or arrange / ten (banker's anti-fraud numeral) syn 日本 rì běn Japan 白色 bái sè white / fig. reactionary / anti-communist syn 东京 東京 dōng jīng Tokyo, capital of Japan / Tonkin (northern Vietnam during the French colonial period) 防盗 防盜 fáng dào to guard against theft / anti-theft 中日 zhōng rì China-Japan 抗战 抗戰 kàng zhàn war of resistance, especially the war against Japan (1937-1945) 抗日 kàng rì to resist Japan (esp. during WW2) / anti-Japanese (esp. wartime activities) 国会 國會 guó huì Parliament (UK) / Congress (US) / Diet (Japan) / Legislative Yuan (Taiwan) 反恐 fǎn kǒng anti-terrorism / to fight against terrorism 首相 shǒu xiàng prime minister (of Japan or UK etc) syn 防腐 fáng fǔ rotproof / antiseptic / anti-corrosion 九州 jiǔ zhōu division of China during earliest dynasties / fig. ancient China / Kyūshū, southernmost of Japan's four major islands syn 反倾销 反傾銷 fǎn qīng xiāo anti-dumping 防汛 fáng xùn flood control / anti-flood (precautions) syn 防空 fáng kōng anti-aircraft defense 抗日战争 抗日戰爭 kàng rì zhàn zhēng (China's) War of Resistance against Japan (1937-1945) 四国 四國 sì guó Shikoku (one of the four main islands of Japan) 美日 měi rì US-Japan 反腐败 反腐敗 fǎn fǔ bài to oppose corruption / anti-graft (measures, policy etc) 天皇 tiān huáng Heavenly Sovereign, one of the three legendary sovereigns 三皇[san1 huang2] / emperor / emperor of Japan syn 抗癌 kàng ái anti-cancer 侵华 侵華 qīn huá to invade China (referring to 19th century imperialist powers and Japan) 大阪 dà bǎn Osaka, city in Japan 钓鱼岛 釣魚島 diào yú dǎo Diaoyu Islands, claimed by China but controlled by Japan as the Senkaku Islands, also called the Pinnacle Islands 对日 對日 duì rì (policy etc) towards Japan 韩日 韓日 hán rì Korea and Japan 电车 電車 diàn chē tram / streetcar / trolleybus / electric car / e-bike / (in the context of Japan) electric train 抗震 kàng zhèn anti-seismic measures / seismic defenses / earthquake resistant 大写 大寫 dà xiě capital letters / uppercase letters / block letters / banker's anti-fraud numerals syn 反腐 fǎn fǔ anti-corruption 满清 滿清 mǎn qīng Manchurian Qing (refers to the Qing dynasty, esp. at its decline, or as an anti-Qing slogan) 东洋 東洋 dōng yáng Japan (old) / East Asian countries syn 反战 反戰 fǎn zhàn anti-war 关东 關東 guān dōng Northeast China / Manchuria / lit. east of Shanhai Pass 山海關|山海关[Shan1 hai3 guan1] / Kantō region of Japan 中日韩 中日韓 zhōng rì hán China, Japan and Korea 日美 rì měi Japan-US 新军 新軍 xīn jūn New Armies (modernized Qing armies, trained and equipped according to Western standards, founded after Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895) 反美 fǎn měi anti-American 冲绳 沖繩 chōng shéng Okinawa, Japan 广岛 廣島 guǎng dǎo Hiroshima, Japan 北海道 běi hǎi dào Hokkaidō, Japan 防锈 防銹 fáng xiù rust prevention / anti-corrosion 钓鱼台 釣魚臺 diào yú tái Diaoyu Islands, located between Taiwan and Okinawa, controlled by Japan – which calls them the Senkaku Islands – but claimed by China 岛国 島國 dǎo guó island nation (sometimes refers specifically to Japan) 幕府 mù fǔ (orig.) tents forming the offices of a commanding officer / administration of a military government / (medieval Japan) "bakufu", administration of the shogun 关西 關西 guān xī Kansai region, Japan / Guanxi or Kuanhsi town in Hsinchu County 新竹縣|新竹县[Xin1 zhu2 Xian4], northwest Taiwan 横滨 橫濱 héng bīn Yokohama, Japan 高梁 gāo liáng Takahashi (name) / Takahashi city in Okayama prefecture, Japan / Highbridge (name) 扶桑 fú sāng Fusang, mythical island of ancient literature, often interpreted as Japan syn 反政府 fǎn zhèng fǔ anti-government (protest) 反潜 反潛 fǎn qián anti-submarine / antisubmarine 东北大学 東北大學 dōng běi dà xué Northeastern University (in Shenyang 瀋陽市|沈阳市[Shen3 yang2 shi4], Liaoning) / Tōhoku University, Sendai, Japan 琉球 liú qiú Ryūkyū / refers to the Ryūkyū Islands 琉球群島|琉球群岛[Liu2 qiu2 Qun2 dao3] stretching from Japan to Taiwan / Liuchiu township in Pingtung County 屏東縣|屏东县[Ping2 dong1 Xian4], Taiwan 反坦克 fǎn tǎn kè anti-tank 防空导弹 防空導彈 anti-aircraft missile 反垄断 反壟斷 fǎn lǒng duàn to break up or prevent monopolies / anti-monopoly / antitrust 反华 反華 fǎn huá anti-Chinese 防毒软件 防毒軟件 fáng dú ruǎn jiàn anti-virus software 独岛 獨島 dú dǎo Dokdo (Japanese Takeshima 竹島|竹岛[Zhu2 dao3]), disputed islands in Sea of Japan 长崎 長崎 cháng qí Nagasaki, Japan 宫城 宮城 gōng chéng Miyagi prefecture in the north of Japan's main island Honshū 本州[Ben3 zhou1] 反渗透 反滲透 fǎn shèn tòu anti-infiltration (measures taken against subversive external forces) / (chemistry) reverse osmosis 反洗钱 反洗錢 anti-money-laundering 林则徐 林則徐 lín zé xú Lin Zexu or Lin Tse-hsu "Commissioner Lin" (1785-1850), Qing official whose anti-opium activities led to first Opium war with Britain 1840-1842 神户 神戶 shén hù Kobe, city in Japan 福冈 福岡 fú gāng Fukuoka, capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture in Kyushu, Japan / Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan 萨摩 薩摩 sà mó Satsuma, the name of a former feudal domain in Japan, and of a former province, a battleship, a district, a peninsula etc 日本国 日本國 rì běn guó Japan 整风 整風 zhěng fēng Rectification or Rectifying incorrect work styles, Maoist slogan / cf Rectification campaign 整風運動|整风运动, army purge of 1942-44 and anti-rightist purge of 1957 消炎药 消炎藥 xiāo yán yào anti-inflammatory medicine 外务省 外務省 wài wù shěng foreign ministry (e.g. of Japan or Korea) 日本海 rì běn hǎi Sea of Japan 反共 fǎn gòng anti-communist 反舰导弹 反艦導彈 fǎn jiàn dǎo dàn anti-ship missile 反贪 反貪 fǎn tān anti-corruption (policy) 松茸 sōng róng matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake), edible mushroom considered a great delicacy in Japan 反清 fǎn qīng anti-Qing / refers to the revolutionary movements in late 19th and early 20th century leading up to 1911 Xinhai Revolution 辛亥革命[Xin1 hai4 Ge2 ming4] 金针菇 金針菇 jīn zhēn gū enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes), used in cuisines of Japan, Korea and China, cultivated to be long, thin and white / abbr. to 金菇[jin1 gu1] 织田信长 織田信長 zhī tián xìn cháng ODA Nobunaga (1534-1582), Japanese shogun (warlord), played an important role in unifying Japan 排外 pái wài xenophobic / anti-foreigner syn 反贪局 反貪局 Anti-Corruption Agency 札幌 zhá huǎng Sapporo, Japan 高射炮 gāo shè pào anti-aircraft gun 反帝 fǎn dì to be anti-imperialist 仙台 仙臺 xiān tái Sendai, capital of Miyagi prefecture 宮城縣|宫城县[Gong1 cheng2 xian4] in northeast Japan 本州 běn zhōu Honshū, the main island of Japan 东京大学 東京大學 dōng jīng dà xué Tokyo University, Japan 奈良 nài liáng Nara, an old capital of Japan 明治维新 明治維新 míng zhì wéi xīn Meiji Restoration (Japan, 1868) 山形 shān xíng Yamagata prefecture in the north of Japan's main island Honshū 本州[Ben3 zhou1] 反右 fǎn yòu anti-rightist / abbr. for 反右派鬥爭|反右派斗争[Fan3 you4 pai4 Dou4 zheng1] 丁玲 dīng líng Ding Ling (1904-1986), female novelist, author of novel The Sun Shines over the Sanggan River 太陽照在桑乾河上|太阳照在桑干河上, attacked during the 1950s as anti-Party 