(bound form) foreign (non-Chinese) / barbarian / classifier for processes or actions that take time and effort / (classifier) a kind / a sort / (classifier) (used after the verb 翻[fan1] to indicate how many times a quantity doubles, as in 翻一番[fan1 yi1 fan1] "to double")
leading small group (LSG), a CCP body that exercises general oversight on matters relating to a specific area (LSG for foreign affairs 外事工作, LSG for comprehensively deepening reforms 全面深化改革 etc) / aka central leading group
foreign enterprise / company established in mainland China with direct investment from foreign entities or from investors in Taiwan, Macao or Hong Kong / abbr. for 外資企業|外资企业
special administrative region (SAR), of which there are two in the PRC: Hong Kong 香港 and Macau 澳門|澳门 / refers to many different areas during late Qing, foreign occupation, warlord period and Nationalist government / refers to special zones in North Korea and Indonesia
New Armies (modernized Qing armies, trained and equipped according to Western standards, founded after Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895)
Lugou Bridge or Marco Polo Bridge in southwest of Beijing, the scene of a conflict that marked the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War 抗日戰爭|抗日战争[Kang4 Ri4 Zhan4 zheng1]
sinology / Chinese studies (in foreign schools) / Han Learning, a Qing dynasty movement aiming at a philological appraisal of the Classics
The four tones
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