福冈 福岡 fú gāng Fukuoka, capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture in Kyushu, Japan / Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan 日本国志 日本國誌 rì běn guó zhì A Record of Japan, by Huang Zunxian 黃遵憲|黄遵宪[Huang2 Zun1 xian4], an extended analysis of Meiji Japan 黄遵宪 黃遵憲 huáng zūn xiàn Huang Zunxian (1848-1905), Qing dynasty poet and diplomat, author of A Record of Japan 日本國誌|日本国志[Ri4 ben3 Guo2 zhi4], an extended analysis of Meiji Japan 伊藤博文 yī téng bó wén Itō Hirobumi (1841-1909), Japan’s first prime minister (served four terms), key figure in Japan’s colonial expansion into Korea 日本难民救助协会 Association for Aid and Relief, Japan / AAR Japan 霓虹国 霓虹國 ní hóng guó (slang) Japan (loanword from the Japanese word for Japan, "Nihon") 11区 11區 shí yī qū (ACG) Japan (from the anime "Code Geass", in which Japan was renamed Area 11) 南航 nán háng China Southern Airlines 海航 hǎi háng Hainan Airlines 华航 華航 huá háng China Airlines (Taiwan) / abbr. for 中華航空公司|中华航空公司[Zhong1 hua2 Hang2 kong1 Gong1 si1] 中国东方航空 中國東方航空 zhōng guó dōng fāng háng kōng China Eastern Airlines 联航 聯航 lián háng China United Airlines, abbr. for 中國聯合航空|中国联合航空[Zhong1 guo2 Lian2 he2 Hang2 kong1] 误点 誤點 wù diǎn not on time / late (public transport, airlines) / overdue / behind schedule / delayed syn 美国航空公司 美國航空公司 měi guó háng kōng gōng sī American Airlines 美国航空 美國航空 měi guó háng kōng American Airlines 西北航空公司 xī běi háng kōng gōng sī Northwest Airlines 北欧航空公司 北歐航空公司 běi ōu háng kōng gōng sī Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) 东方航空 東方航空 dōng fāng háng kōng China Eastern Airlines 港龙 港龍 gǎng lóng Hong Kong Dragon Airlines (Dragon Air), Hong Kong and South China airline / abbr. of 港龍航空|港龙航空 港龙航空 港龍航空 gǎng lóng háng kōng Hong Kong Dragon Airlines (operating as Dragonair), Hong Kong-based international airline 联合航空公司 聯合航空公司 lián hé háng kōng gōng sī United Airlines 荷兰皇家航空 荷蘭皇家航空 hé lán huáng jiā háng kōng KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 韩亚航空 韓亞航空 hán yà háng kōng Asiana Airlines, South Korean airline 中华航空公司 中華航空公司 zhōng huá háng kōng gōng sī China Airlines (Taiwan) / abbr. to 華航|华航[Hua2 hang2] 国际航空电信与信息公司 Airlines Worldwide Telecommunications and Information Service 欧洲航空协会 歐洲航空協會 Association of European Airlines 非洲航空公司协会 非洲航空公司協會 African Airlines Association 捷达航空货运 捷達航空貨運 jié dá háng kōng huò yùn Jett8 Airlines Cargo (based in Singapore) 中国联合航空 中國聯合航空 zhōng guó lián hé háng kōng China United Airlines 中联航 中聯航 zhōng lián háng China United Airlines, abbr. for 中國聯合航空|中国联合航空[Zhong1 guo2 Lian2 he2 Hang2 kong1] 马航 馬航 mǎ háng Malaysia Airlines 日本 rì běn Japan 东京 東京 dōng jīng Tokyo, capital of Japan / Tonkin (northern Vietnam during the French colonial period) 中日 zhōng rì China-Japan 抗战 抗戰 kàng zhàn war of resistance, especially the war against Japan (1937-1945) 抗日 kàng rì to resist Japan (esp. during WW2) / anti-Japanese (esp. wartime activities) 国会 國會 guó huì Parliament (UK) / Congress (US) / Diet (Japan) / Legislative Yuan (Taiwan) 首相 shǒu xiàng prime minister (of Japan or UK etc) syn 九州 jiǔ zhōu division of China during earliest dynasties / fig. ancient China / Kyūshū, southernmost of Japan's four major islands syn 抗日战争 抗日戰爭 kàng rì zhàn zhēng (China's) War of Resistance against Japan (1937-1945) 四国 四國 sì guó Shikoku (one of the four main islands of Japan) 美日 měi rì US-Japan 天皇 tiān huáng Heavenly Sovereign, one of the three legendary sovereigns 三皇[san1 huang2] / emperor / emperor of Japan syn 侵华 侵華 qīn huá to invade China (referring to 19th century imperialist powers and Japan) 大阪 dà bǎn Osaka, city in Japan 钓鱼岛 釣魚島 diào yú dǎo Diaoyu Islands, claimed by China but controlled by Japan as the Senkaku Islands, also called the Pinnacle Islands 对日 對日 duì rì (policy etc) towards Japan 韩日 韓日 hán rì Korea and Japan 电车 電車 diàn chē tram / streetcar / trolleybus / electric car / e-bike / (in the context of Japan) electric train 东洋 東洋 dōng yáng Japan (old) / East Asian countries syn 关东 關東 guān dōng Northeast China / Manchuria / lit. east of Shanhai Pass 山海關|山海关[Shan1 hai3 guan1] / Kantō region of Japan 东瀛 東瀛 dōng yíng (literary) East China Sea / (literary) Japan syn 中日韩 中日韓 zhōng rì hán China, Japan and Korea 日美 rì měi Japan-US 反日 fǎn rì anti-Japan 新军 新軍 xīn jūn New Armies (modernized Qing armies, trained and equipped according to Western standards, founded after Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895) 冲绳 沖繩 chōng shéng Okinawa, Japan 广岛 廣島 guǎng dǎo Hiroshima, Japan 北海道 běi hǎi dào Hokkaidō, Japan 钓鱼台 釣魚臺 diào yú tái Diaoyu Islands, located between Taiwan and Okinawa, controlled by Japan – which calls them the Senkaku Islands – but claimed by China 岛国 島國 dǎo guó island nation (sometimes refers specifically to Japan) 幕府 mù fǔ (orig.) tents forming the offices of a commanding officer / administration of a military government / (medieval Japan) "bakufu", administration of the shogun 关西 關西 guān xī Kansai region, Japan / Guanxi or Kuanhsi town in Hsinchu County 新竹縣|新竹县[Xin1 zhu2 Xian4], northwest Taiwan 横滨 橫濱 héng bīn Yokohama, Japan 高梁 gāo liáng Takahashi (name) / Takahashi city in Okayama prefecture, Japan / Highbridge (name) 扶桑 fú sāng Fusang, mythical island of ancient literature, often interpreted as Japan syn 东北大学 東北大學 dōng běi dà xué Northeastern University (in Shenyang 瀋陽市|沈阳市[Shen3 yang2 shi4], Liaoning) / Tōhoku University, Sendai, Japan 琉球 liú qiú Ryūkyū / refers to the Ryūkyū Islands 琉球群島|琉球群岛[Liu2 qiu2 Qun2 dao3] stretching from Japan to Taiwan / Liuchiu township in Pingtung County 屏東縣|屏东县[Ping2 dong1 Xian4], Taiwan 独岛 獨島 dú dǎo Dokdo (Japanese Takeshima 竹島|竹岛[Zhu2 dao3]), disputed islands in Sea of Japan 长崎 長崎 cháng qí Nagasaki, Japan 宫城 宮城 gōng chéng Miyagi prefecture in the north of Japan's main island Honshū 本州[Ben3 zhou1] 神户 神戶 shén hù Kobe, city in Japan 萨摩 薩摩 sà mó Satsuma, the name of a former feudal domain in Japan, and of a former province, a battleship, a district, a peninsula etc 日本国 日本國 rì běn guó Japan 外务省 外務省 wài wù shěng foreign ministry (e.g. of Japan or Korea) 日本海 rì běn hǎi Sea of Japan 松茸 sōng róng matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake), edible mushroom considered a great delicacy in Japan 金针菇 金針菇 jīn zhēn gū enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes), used in cuisines of Japan, Korea and China, cultivated to be long, thin and white / abbr. to 金菇[jin1 gu1] 织田信长 織田信長 zhī tián xìn cháng ODA Nobunaga (1534-1582), Japanese shogun (warlord), played an important role in unifying Japan 札幌 zhá huǎng Sapporo, Japan 仙台 仙臺 xiān tái Sendai, capital of Miyagi prefecture 宮城縣|宫城县[Gong1 cheng2 xian4] in northeast Japan 本州 běn zhōu Honshū, the main island of Japan 东京大学 東京大學 dōng jīng dà xué Tokyo University, Japan 奈良 nài liáng Nara, an old capital of Japan 明治维新 明治維新 míng zhì wéi xīn Meiji Restoration (Japan, 1868) 山形 shān xíng Yamagata prefecture in the north of Japan's main island Honshū 本州[Ben3 zhou1] 长野 長野 cháng yě Nagano (name) / Nagano city and prefecture in central Japan 不平等条约 不平等條約 bù píng děng tiáo yuē (term coined c. 1920s) unequal treaty – a treaty between China and one or more aggressor nations (including Russia, Japan and various Western powers) which imposed humiliating conditions on China (in the 19th and early 20th centuries) 日本天皇 rì běn tiān huáng Emperor of Japan 冈山 岡山 gāng shān Kangshan town in Kaohsiung county 高雄縣|高雄县[Gao1 xiong2 xian4], southwest Taiwan / Okayama prefecture in southwest of Japan's main island Honshū 本州[Ben3 zhou1] 蒙代尔 蒙代爾 méng dài ěr Walter Mondale (1928-), US democratic politician, US vice-president 1977-1981 and ambassador to Japan 1993-1996 纳豆 納豆 nà dòu nattō, a type of fermented soybean, popular as a breakfast food in Japan 秋田 qiū tián Akita prefecture of north Japan 裕仁 yù rén Hirohito, personal name of the Shōwa 昭和[Zhao1 he2] emperor of Japan (1901-1989), reigned 1925-1989 竹岛 竹島 zhú dǎo Takeshima (Korean Dokdo 獨島|独岛[Du2 dao3]), disputed islands in Sea of Japan 大坂 dà bǎn Japanese surname Osaka / old variant of 大阪[Da4ban3] (Osaka, city in Japan), used prior to the Meiji era 鉴真 鑒真 jiàn zhēn Jianzhen or Ganjin (688-763), Tang dynastic Buddhist monk, who crossed to Japan after several unsuccessful attempts, influential in Japanese Buddhism 明仁 míng rén Akihito, personal name of the Heisei 平成[Ping2 cheng2] emperor of Japan (1933-), reigned 1989-2019 