在家 zài jiā to be at home / (at a workplace) to be in (as opposed to being away on official business 出差[chu1chai1]) / (Buddhism etc) to remain a layman (as opposed to becoming a monk or a nun 出家[chu1jia1]) 长老 長老 zhǎng lǎo elder / term of respect for a Buddhist monk syn 僧侣 僧侶 sēng lǚ monk syn 僧人 sēng rén monk syn 法宝 法寶 fǎ bǎo Buddha's teaching / Buddhist monk's apparel, staff etc / (Daoism) magic weapon / talisman / fig. specially effective device / magic wand syn 住持 zhù chí to administer a monastery Buddhist or Daoist / abbot / head monk syn 出家 chū jiā to enter monastic life / to become a monk or nun syn 禅师 禪師 chán shī honorific title for a Buddhist monk syn 佛经 佛經 fó jīng Buddhist texts / Buddhist scripture syn 苦行僧 kǔ xíng sēng ascetic monk 高僧 gāo sēng a senior monk syn 佛学 佛學 fó xué Buddhist doctrine / Buddhist studies 施主 shī zhǔ benefactor (term used by a monk to address a layperson) / donor (semiconductor) 剃度 tì dù to take the tonsure / to shave the head / tonsure (shaved head of Buddhist monk) syn 受戒 shòu jiè to take oaths as a monk (Buddhism) / to take orders 香客 xiāng kè Buddhist pilgrim / Buddhist worshipper 削发 削髮 xuē fà to shave one's head / fig. to become a monk or nun / to take the tonsure syn 出家人 chū jiā rén monk / nun (Buddhist or Daoist) syn 济公 濟公 jì gōng Jigong or Daoji (1130-1207), Southern Song Dynasty Buddhist monk 贫僧 貧僧 pín sēng poor monk (humble term used by monk of himself) 袈裟 jiā shā kasaya (robe of a Buddhist monk or nun) (loanword from Sanskrit) syn 玄奘 xuán zàng Xuanzang (602-664), Tang dynasty Buddhist monk and translator who traveled to India 629-645 须弥 須彌 xū mí Mt Meru or Sumeru, sacred mountain in Buddhist and Jain tradition / Mt Xumi in Guyuan 固原[Gu4 yuan2], Ningxia, with many Buddhist cave statues 俗家 sú jiā layman / layperson / original home of a monk 沙弥 沙彌 shā mí novice Buddhist monk syn 头陀 頭陀 tóu tuó itinerant monk (loanword from Sanskrit) syn 唐三藏 táng sān zàng Tripitaka, the central character of the 16th century novel "Journey to the West" 西遊記|西游记[Xi1you2Ji4], based on the monk Xuanzang 玄奘[Xuan2zang4] (602-664) 化缘 化緣 huà yuán (of a monk) to beg syn 禅杖 禪杖 chán zhàng the staff of a Buddhist monk 棒喝 bàng hè practice in which a novice monk is shouted at or hit with a stick with the purpose of bringing about instant awakening (Buddhism) / to rebuke sternly 僧伽 sēng qié (Buddhism) sangha / the monastic community / monk 行脚 行腳 xíng jiǎo (of a monk) to travel / itinerant 禅机 禪機 chán jī Buddhist allegorical word or gesture / subtleties of Buddhist doctrine syn 佛典 fó diǎn Buddhist scriptures / Buddhist classics 鉴真 鑒真 jiàn zhēn Jianzhen or Ganjin (688-763), Tang dynastic Buddhist monk, who crossed to Japan after several unsuccessful attempts, influential in Japanese Buddhism 行者 xíng zhě pedestrian / walker / itinerant monk syn 斋 齋 zhāi to fast or abstain from meat, wine etc / vegetarian diet / study room / building / to give alms (to a monk) syn 戒刀 jiè dāo Buddhist monk's knife (not used for killing) 做一天和尚撞一天钟 做一天和尚撞一天鐘 zuò yī tiān hé shang zhuàng yī tiān zhōng lit. as a monk for today, toll today's bell (idiom) / fig. to do one's job mechanically / to hold a position passively syn 募化 mù huà (of a Buddhist monk or Taoist priest) to collect alms syn 衹 qí robe of a Buddhist monk or nun 偈 jì Buddhist hymn / gatha / Buddhist verse 丛林 叢林 cóng lín jungle / thicket / forest / Buddhist monastery syn 雕塑 diāo sù a statue / a Buddhist image / sculpture / to carve 金刚 金剛 jīn gāng diamond / (used to translate Sanskrit "vajra", a thunderbolt or mythical weapon) / guardian deity (in Buddhist iconography) syn 佛祖 fó zǔ Buddha / founder of a buddhist sect 觉悟 覺悟 jué wù to come to understand / to realize / consciousness / awareness / Buddhist enlightenment (Sanskrit: cittotpāda) syn 佛教徒 fó jiào tú Buddhist 天竺 tiān zhú the Indian subcontinent (esp. in Tang or Buddhist context) 尼姑 ní gū Buddhist nun syn 苦海 kǔ hǎi lit. sea of bitterness / abyss of worldly suffering (Buddhist term) / depths of misery syn 飞天 飛天 fēi tiān flying Apsara (Buddhist art) 顿悟 頓悟 dùn wù a flash of realization / the truth in a flash / a moment of enlightenment (usually Buddhist) syn 圣贤 聖賢 shèng xián a sage / wise and holy man / virtuous ruler / Buddhist lama / wine syn 佛像 fó xiàng Buddhist image / statue of Buddha or Bodhisattva / CL:尊[zun1], 張|张[zhang1] syn 因缘 因緣 yīn yuán chance / opportunity / predestined relationship / (Buddhist) principal and secondary causes / chain of cause and effect syn 醍醐灌顶 醍醐灌頂 tí hú guàn dǐng lit. to anoint your head with the purest cream (idiom) / fig. to enlighten people with perfect wisdom / flawless Buddhist teaching syn 取经 取經 qǔ jīng to journey to India on a quest for the Buddhist scriptures / to learn by studying another's experience 念经 念經 niàn jīng to recite or chant Buddhist scripture syn 大殿 dà diàn main hall of a Buddhist temple 护法 護法 hù fǎ to keep the law / to protect Buddha's teachings / protector of Buddhist law (i.e. temple donor) 衣钵 衣缽 yī bō the cassock and alms bowl of a Buddhist master passed on to the favorite disciple (Buddhism) / legacy / mantle 法衣 fǎ yī robe of a Buddhist priest / ceremonial garment of a Daoist priest / robe of a judge, nun, priest etc / cassock / vestment syn 道场 道場 dào chǎng Taoist or Buddhist rite / abbr. for 菩提道場|菩提道场[Pu2 ti2 dao4 chang3] syn 佛法 fó fǎ Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha) / Buddhist doctrine syn 布施 bù shī Dana (Buddhist practice of giving) syn 方丈 fāng zhang square zhang (i.e. unit of area 10 feet square) / monastic room 10 feet square / Buddhist or Daoist abbot / abbot's chamber syn 佛寺 fó sì Buddhist temple syn 石窟 shí kū rock cave / grotto / cliff caves (often with Buddhist statues) 古刹 古剎 gǔ chà old Buddhist temple 舍利 shè lì ashes after cremation / Buddhist relics (Sanskirt: sarira) 佛家 fó jiā Buddhism / Buddhist 三昧 sān mèi Samadhi (Buddhist term) syn 三藏 sān zàng Tripitaka, the three main types of text that collectively constitute the Buddhist canon of scriptures: sutras, commandments and commentaries 正殿 zhèng diàn main hall of a Buddhist temple 佛爷 佛爺 fó ye Buddha (term of respect for Sakyamuni 釋迦牟尼|释迦牟尼[Shi4 jia1 mou2 ni2]) / His Holiness (refers to a Buddhist grandee) / Buddha / God / emperor / in late Qing court, refers exclusively to Empress Dowager Cixi 慈禧太后[Ci2 xi3 tai4 hou4] syn 法号 法號 fǎ hào name in religion (of Buddhist or Daoist within monastery) 禅房 禪房 chán fáng a room in a Buddhist monastery / a temple syn 佛龛 佛龕 fó kān niche for statue (esp. Buddhist, Christian etc) 说法 說法 shuō fǎ to expound Buddhist teachings syn 好事 hǎo shì good action, deed, thing or work (also sarcastic, "a fine thing indeed") / charity / happy occasion / Daoist or Buddhist ceremony for the souls of the dead syn 大雄 dà xióng great hero / main Buddhist image (in temple) 无我 無我 wú wǒ anatta (Buddhist concept of "non-self") 南无 南無 nā mó Buddhist salutation or expression of faith (loanword from Sanskrit) / Taiwan pr. [na2 mo2] 九华山 九華山 jiǔ huá shān Mount Jiuhua in Anhui, scenic tourist site, and one of the four famous Buddhist mountains 法会 法會 fǎ huì (Buddhist) religious assembly 梵天 fàn tiān Nirvana (in Buddhist scripture) / Lord Brahma (the Hindu Creator) 普贤 普賢 pǔ xián Samantabhadra, the Buddhist Lord of Truth 舍利子 shè lì zi ashes after cremation / Buddhist relics (Sanskirt: sarira) 圆寂 圓寂 yuán jì death / to pass away (of Buddhist monks, nuns etc) syn 禅院 禪院 chán yuàn Buddhist hall 大昭寺 dà zhāo sì Jokhang, main Buddhist temple in Lhasa, a sacred place of Tibetan Buddhism 参禅 參禪 cān chán to practice Chan Buddhist meditation / to practice Zen meditation / to sit in meditation 