particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about ...?", "And ...?") / particle for inquiring about location ("Where is ...?") / particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?") / (at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action / particle indicating strong affirmation
(classical particle similar to 於|于[yu2]) in / at / from / because / than / (classical final particle similar to 嗎|吗[ma5], 吧[ba5], 呢[ne5], expressing question, doubt or astonishment)
particle used between an adverb and a verb or adjective / (dialect) particle used after a negative adverb such as 不[bu4] or 別|别[bie2] without any other following element
good / appropriate / proper / all right! / (before a verb) easy to / (before a verb) good to / (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so / (verb complement indicating completion) / (of two people) close / on intimate terms / (after a personal pronoun) hello
sentence-final particle that conveys informality, warmth, friendliness or intimacy / may also indicate that one is stating a fact that the other person is not aware of
phonetic ga (used in rendering Tibetan and Mongolian sounds) / Tibetan Ge: language of Buddha / (dialect) final particle similar to 了[le5] (esp. in Yunnan)
the final of a Chinese syllable (the component of a syllable remaining after removal of the initial consonant, if any, and the tone, e.g. the final of "niáng" is "iang")
of / ~'s (possessive particle) / (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) / (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) / (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的[pi2ge2 de5] "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的|跑堂儿的[pao3tang2r5de5] "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的[xin1 de5] "new one") / also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs
also / too / as well / (not ...) either / (used after a verbal or nominal expression X to indicate that X is an extreme or unexpected case) even (X) / (literary) particle having functions similar to 啊[a5]
actually / place / classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc / that which / particle introducing a relative clause or passive / CL:個|个[ge4]
(old) third person singular pronoun ("he" or "she") / second person singular pronoun ("you") / (May 4th period) third person singular feminine pronoun ("she") / (Classical Chinese) introductory particle with no specific meaning / (preceding a noun) that
infix (grammar), particle attached within a word or expression
The four tones
Your cookie choices
This site is funded by advertising. With your agreement, Google AdSense sets cookies to display personalised ads and Google Analytics measures traffic. Until you agree, neither script is loaded and nothing is stored on your device. You can change your mind at any time from the footer.
This site is funded by advertising. Google AdSense and Google Analytics set cookies to display ads and measure traffic. You can refuse them — now, or later from the footer.
This site is funded by advertising. Google AdSense and Google Analytics set cookies to display ads and measure traffic. You may opt out of the sale and sharing of your personal information at any time.
This site uses Google cookies — AdSense for advertising, Analytics for traffic measurement. You can refuse them.
