春酒 chūn jiǔ banquet to celebrate the Spring Festival / wine made in spring and kept until winter, or made in winter and kept until spring 四季 sì jì four seasons, namely: spring 春[chun1], summer 夏[xia4], autumn 秋[qiu1] and winter 冬[dong1] syn 四时 四時 sì shí the four seasons, namely: spring 春[chun1], summer 夏[xia4], autumn 秋[qiu1] and winter 冬[dong1] syn 日至 rì zhì solstice / the winter solstice 冬至 and summer solstice 夏至 春夏秋冬 chūn xià qiū dōng the four seasons / spring, summer, autumn and winter 越冬 yuè dōng to pass the winter / to overwinter / to live through the winter 冬令 dōng lìng winter / winter climate syn 冬装 冬裝 dōng zhuāng winter clothing / winter clothes syn 春生，夏长，秋收，冬藏 春生，夏長，秋收，冬藏 chūn shēng , xià zhǎng , qiū shōu , dōng cáng sow in spring, develop in summer, harvest in autumn, store in winter (idiom) 冬病夏治 dōng bìng xià zhì to treat winter diseases in the summer (TCM) 避暑 bì shǔ to be away for the summer holidays / to spend a holiday at a summer resort / to prevent sunstroke 消暑 xiāo shǔ to spend a summer holiday / to beat the summer heat 炎夏 yán xià hot summer / scorching summer syn 消夏 xiāo xià to spend the summer / to take a summer vacation syn 夏令 xià lìng summer / summer weather syn 夏奥会 夏奧會 xià ào huì the Summer Olympic Games / the Summer Olympics 夏装 夏裝 xià zhuāng summer clothing / summer clothes syn 度夏 dù xià to spend the summer / to get through the summer 肃杀 肅殺 sù shā austere / stern / harsh / somber and desolate (autumn or winter) 冬菇 dōng gū donko shiitake mushroom, a prized type of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) cultivated in winter, with thick flesh and partially open cap syn 冬笋 冬筍 dōng sǔn winter bamboo shoots (smaller and tenderer as a result of being dug out before they come out of the soil) syn 不经一番风霜苦，难得腊梅吐清香 不經一番風霜苦，難得臘梅吐清香 bù jīng yī fān fēng shuāng kǔ , nán dé là méi tǔ qīng xiāng Without once passing through the winter's cold and wind, where would the sweet spring fragrance come from? 埃尔金 埃爾金 āi ěr jīn James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin (1811-1863), British High Commissioner to China who ordered the looting and destruction of the Old Winter Palace Yuanmingyuan 圓明園|圆明园 in 1860 / Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin (1766-1841), who stole the Parthenon Marbles in 1801-1810 昼短夜长 晝短夜長 zhòu duǎn yè cháng the winter days are short and the nights long (idiom) 额尔金 額爾金 é ěr jīn James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin (1811-1863), British High Commissioner to China who ordered the looting and destruction of the Old Winter Palace Yuanmingyuan 圓明園|圆明园 in 1860 / Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin (1766-1841), who stole the Parthenon Marbles in 1801-1810 梅雨 méi yǔ East Asian rainy season (in late spring and early summer) syn 圆明园 圓明園 yuán míng yuán Yuanmingyuan, the Old Summer Palace, destroyed by the British and French army in 1860 冬天 dōng tiān winter / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 冬季 dōng jì winter syn 寒假 hán jià winter vacation 寒冬 hán dōng cold winter syn 严寒 嚴寒 yán hán bitter cold / severe winter syn 冬奥会 冬奧會 dōng ào huì Winter Olympics 冬至 dōng zhì Winter Solstice, 22nd of the 24 solar terms 二十四節氣|二十四节气 22nd December-5th January syn 冻死 凍死 dòng sǐ to freeze to death / to die off in winter 过冬 過冬 guò dōng to get through the winter 严冬 嚴冬 yán dōng severe winter syn 布达拉宫 布達拉宮 bù dá lā gōng Potala, winter palace of Dalai Lamas in Lhasa, Tibet 初冬 chū dōng early winter 隆冬 lóng dōng midwinter / the depth of winter syn 迎春花 yíng chūn huā winter jasmine (Jasminum nudiflorum) 立冬 lì dōng Lidong or Start of Winter, 19th of the 24 solar terms 二十四節氣|二十四节气 7th-21st November 冬衣 dōng yī winter clothes syn 棉裤 棉褲 mián kù quilted cotton trousers / cotton-padded trousers (worn in winter) 枯水期 kū shuǐ qī period of low water level (winter in north China) 防寒服 fáng hán fú overcoat / down jacket / winter wear 寒衣 hán yī winter clothing syn 避寒 bì hán to escape the cold by going on a winter holiday 数九 數九 shǔ jiǔ nine periods of nine days each after winter solstice, the coldest time of the year syn 瑞香 ruì xiāng winter daphne 冬闲 冬閑 dōng xián slack winter season (farming) 腊 臘 là ancient practice of offering sacrifices to the gods in the 12th lunar month / the 12th lunar month / (bound form) (of meat, fish etc) cured in winter, esp. in the 12th lunar month syn 狩 shòu to hunt / to go hunting (as winter sport in former times) / hunting dog / imperial tour 核冬天 hé dōng tiān nuclear winter 三九天 sān jiǔ tiān the twenty seven days after the Winter Solstice, reputed to be the coldest days of the year 交九 jiāo jiǔ the coldest period of the year / three nine day periods after the winter solstice 冬宫 冬宮 dōng gōng Winter Palace (St Petersburg) / Hermitage Museum 冬至点 冬至點 dōng zhì diǎn the winter solstice 冬运会 冬運會 dōng yùn huì winter games 季冬 jì dōng final month of winter (i.e. twelfth month of lunar calendar) 封河期 fēng hé qī freezing over of river in winter 数九天 數九天 shǔ jiǔ tiān nine periods of nine days each after winter solstice, the coldest time of the year 数九寒天 數九寒天 shǔ jiǔ hán tiān nine periods of nine days each after winter solstice, the coldest time of the year syn 短至 duǎn zhì the winter solstice 红姑娘 紅姑娘 hóng gū niang Chinese lantern plant / winter cherry / strawberry ground-cherry / Physalis alkekengi 酸浆 酸漿 suān jiāng Chinese lantern plant (Physalis alkekengi) / winter cherry / strawberry ground-cherry / creeping oxalis (Oxalis corniculata) 静若寒蝉 靜若寒蟬 jìng ruò hán chán as quiet as a cicada in winter (idiom) 冬季作战能力 dōng jì zuò zhàn néng lì winter warfare capability 联合国紧急冬季救济项目 聯合國緊急冬季救濟項目 United Nations Emergency Winter Relief Project 南极冬季平流层绕极涡旋 南極冬季平流層繞極渦旋 winter Antarctic stratospheric circumpolar vortex 南飞过冬 南飛過冬 nán fēi guò dōng (of birds) to migrate south for the winter 冬耕 dōng gēng winter plowing 冰墩墩 bīng dūn dūn Bing Dwen Dwen (mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, a panda wearing a bodysuit of transparent ice) 冬残奥会 冬殘奧會 dōng cán ào huì Winter Paralympics 亚冬会 亞冬會 yà dōng huì Asian Winter Games 冬歇期 dōng xiē qī winter break 回南天 huí nán tiān weather phenomenon characterized by condensation of warm moist air on cool surfaces during the transition from winter to spring in Southern China 乌拉 烏拉 wù la leather shoe stuffed with Carex meyeriana 烏拉草|乌拉草[wu4la5cao3], worn in northeastern China during winter syn 贴秋膘 貼秋膘 tiē qiū biāo to gain weight in the fall (to prepare for winter) 冷冬 lěng dōng cold winter 夏天 xià tiān summer / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 夏季 xià jì summer syn 暑假 shǔ jià summer vacation / CL:個|个[ge4] 上都 shàng dū Shangdu, also known as Xanadu, summer capital of the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) 暑期 shǔ qī summer vacation time 庐山 廬山 lú shān Lushan district of Jiujiang city 九江市, Jiangxi / Mt Lushan in Jiujiang, famous as summer holiday spot 长廊 長廊 cháng láng promenade / long hallway / Long Corridor in the Summer Palace, Beijing 北京頤和園|北京颐和园[Bei3 jing1 Yi2 he2 yuan2] 盛夏 shèng xià midsummer / the height of summer syn 夏令营 夏令營 xià lìng yíng summer camp 初夏 chū xià early summer syn 小春 xiǎo chūn 10th month of the lunar calendar / Indian summer / crops sown in late autumn syn 颐和园 頤和園 yí hé yuán Summer Palace in Beijing 壮年 壯年 zhuàng nián lit. robust years / prime of life / summer / able-bodied (fit for military service) / mature (talent, garden etc) syn 夏至 xià zhì Xiazhi or Summer Solstice, 10th of the 24 solar terms 二十四節氣|二十四节气 21st June-6th July syn 暑促 shǔ cù summer promotion (sale) 仲夏 zhòng xià midsummer / second month of summer syn 凉席 涼席 liáng xí summer sleeping mat (e.g. of woven split bamboo) / CL:張|张[zhang1],領|领[ling3] syn 立夏 lì xià Lixia or Start of Summer, 7th of the 24 solar terms 二十四節氣|二十四节气 5th-20th May 浴衣 yù yī bathrobe / yukata, lightweight informal kimono worn in summer 