上 shàng (bound form) up / upper / above / previous / first (of multiple parts) / to climb / to get onto / to go up / to attend (class or university) / (directional complement) up / (noun suffix) on / above syn 上衣 shàng yī jacket / upper outer garment / CL:件[jian4] syn 空调 空調 kōng tiáo air conditioning / air conditioner (including units that have a heating mode) / CL:臺|台[tai2] syn 参议院 參議院 cān yì yuàn senate / upper chamber (of legislative assembly) 上身 shàng shēn upper part of the body syn 上方 shàng fāng place above (it) / upper part (of it) syn 透气 透氣 tòu qì to flow freely (of air) / to ventilate / to breathe (of fabric etc) / to take a breath of fresh air / to divulge syn 上层 上層 shàng céng upper layer 上流 shàng liú upper class syn 上游 shàng yóu upper reaches (of a river) / upper level / upper echelon / upstream syn 空空 kōng kōng empty / vacuous / nothing / vacant / in vain / all for nothing / air-to-air (missile) 上限 shàng xiàn upper bound 流量 liú liàng flow rate / throughput of passengers / volume of traffic / (hydrology) discharge / data traffic / network traffic / website traffic / mobile data 马背 馬背 mǎ bèi horse's back / (traditional Chinese architecture) roof with a low-slung curved ridgelines and geometric shapes on the upper gable walls at the ends of the roof ridges 膀子 bǎng zi upper arm / arm / wing syn 占上风 佔上風 zhàn shàng fēng to take the lead / to gain the upper hand syn 贵妇 貴婦 guì fù upper-class woman / lady (old) syn 限额 限額 xiàn é quota / limit (upper or lower) / to set a quota / to set a limit 冷气 冷氣 lěng qì cold air / air conditioning syn 帮子 幫子 bāng zi outer (of cabbage etc) / upper (of a shoe) / (coll.) group / gang syn 数据流 數據流 shù jù liú data stream / data flow 上装 上裝 shàng zhuāng upper garment syn 高位 gāo wèi high position / eminent status / top job / raised position / upper (limbs) / a high (i.e. local maximum) / high point on scale, high grade, temperature, latitude etc syn 三军 三軍 sān jūn (in former times) upper, middle and lower army / army of right, center and left / (in modern times) the three armed services: Army, Navy and Air Force syn 上部 shàng bù upper section 风干 風乾 fēng gān to air-dry / to season (timber etc) / air-dried / air-drying 上肢 shàng zhī upper limb syn 至多 zhì duō up to the maximum / upper limit / at most syn 左上 zuǒ shàng upper left 上颌 上頜 shàng hé maxilla (upper jaw) syn 风口 風口 fēng kǒu air vent / drafty place / wind gap (geology) / tuyere (furnace air nozzle) / (fig.) hot trend / fad 寒气 寒氣 hán qì cold air / a chill one feels in the body (when exposed to cold air) syn 空战 空戰 kōng zhàn air war / air warfare 栈道 棧道 zhàn dào plank walkway constructed on the face of a cliff / (archaic) elevated passageway connecting the upper levels of adjacent towers 先声夺人 先聲奪人 xiān shēng duó rén to gain the upper hand by a show of strength syn 上臂 shàng bì upper arm syn 上水 shàng shuǐ upper reaches (of a river) / to go upstream / to add some water / to water (a crop etc) syn 脚背 腳背 jiǎo bèi instep (upper surface of the foot) syn 空对空 air to air 参院 參院 cān yuàn abbr. for 參議院|参议院[can1 yi4 yuan4], senate / upper chamber (of legislative assembly) 脚面 腳面 jiǎo miàn instep (upper surface of the foot) syn 褂子 guà zi unlined upper garment syn 华西 華西 huá xī West China (region in the upper reaches of Yangtze River and Sichuan Province) 气道 氣道 qì dào flue / air duct / air passage / respiratory tract 上半身 shàng bàn shēn the upper body syn 契丹 qì dān Qidan or Khitan, ethnic group in ancient China, a branch of the Eastern Hu people inhabiting the valley of the Xar Murun River in the upper reaches of the Liao River 遼河|辽河[Liao2 He2] 上流社会 上流社會 shàng liú shè huì upper class / high society 涨停板 漲停板 zhǎng tíng bǎn daily upper limit on the price of a stock 右上 yòu shàng upper right 气瓶 氣瓶 qì píng gas cylinder / air bottle / air tank (diving) 澜沧江 瀾滄江 lán cāng jiāng Lancang River of Qinghai and Yunnan, the upper reaches of Mekong River 湄公河[Mei2 gong1 He2] of Southeast Asia 出风口 出風口 chū fēng kǒu air vent / air outlet 上唇 shàng chún upper lip / (entomology) labrum 五花大绑 五花大綁 wǔ huā dà bǎng to bind a person's upper body, with arms tied behind the back and rope looped around the neck / to truss up syn 空空导弹 空空導彈 kōng kōng dǎo dàn air-to-air missile 元老院 yuán lǎo yuàn upper house / senate / senior statesmen's assembly 瞿塘峡 瞿塘峽 qū táng xiá Qutang Gorge, 8 km long gorge on the Changjiang or Yangtze in Chongqing 重慶|重庆[Chong2 qing4], the upper of the Three Gorges 三峽|三峡[San1 Xia2] 上梁 上樑 shàng liáng to lay an upper beam / (a building's) upper beam / (a bicycle's) top tube 帮 幫 bāng to help / to assist / to support / for sb (i.e. as a help) / hired (as worker) / side (of pail, boat etc) / outer layer / upper (of a shoe) / group / gang / clique / party / secret society syn 趴 pā to lie on one's stomach / to lean forward, resting one's upper body (on a desktop etc) / (Tw) percent syn 眉 méi eyebrow / upper margin syn 先下手为强 先下手為強 xiān xià shǒu wéi qiáng (idiom) strike first to gain the upper hand syn 上议院 上議院 shàng yì yuàn Upper Chamber / Upper House / Senate 肱 gōng upper arm / arm syn 膊 bó shoulder / upper arm syn 膀臂 bǎng bì upper arm / arm / reliable helper / right-hand man syn 空防 kōng fáng air force / air defense 小褂 xiǎo guà close-fitting (Chinese-style) upper garment syn 老虎凳 lǎo hǔ dèng tiger bench (torture method in which the victim sits with legs extended horizontally along a bench, upper legs held down with straps while bricks are inserted under the feet, forcing the knee joint to bend in reverse) 龙羊峡 龍羊峽 lóng yáng xiá Longyangxia canyon on the upper reaches of the Yellow River, Gonghe county 共和縣|共和县[Gong4 he2 xian4] in Hainan Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Qinghai 裉 kèn side seam in an upper garment 裼 xī to bare the upper body 做 zuò to make / to produce / to write / to compose / to do / to engage in / to hold (a party etc) / (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc) / to become (husband and wife, friends etc) / (of a thing) to serve as / to be used for / to assume (an air or manner) syn 被 bèi quilt / to cover (with) / (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) / used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) / (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊|被旅游[bei4 lu:3you2] to "go on a trip") syn 行 háng row / line / commercial firm / line of business / profession / to rank (first, second etc) among one's siblings (by age) / (in data tables) row / (Tw) column syn 气 氣 qì gas / air / smell / weather / to make angry / to annoy / to get angry / vital energy / qi syn 空 kōng empty / air / sky / in vain syn 资料 資料 zī liào material / resources / data / information / profile (Internet) / CL:份[fen4],個|个[ge4] syn 空气 空氣 kōng qì air / atmosphere syn 数据 數據 shù jù data syn 整理 zhěng lǐ to arrange / to tidy up / to sort out / to straighten out / to list systematically / to collate (data, files) / to pack (luggage) syn 材料 cái liào (raw) material / data / (fig.) person who has the potential to do the job syn 空中 kōng zhōng in the sky / in the air syn 机票 機票 jī piào air ticket / passenger ticket / CL:張|张[zhang1] 空军 空軍 kōng jūn air force / (slang) to fail to catch anything (on a fishing trip) / to get skunked syn 播出 bō chū to broadcast / to air (a TV program etc) syn 飞翔 飛翔 fēi xiáng to circle in the air / to soar syn 兜风 兜風 dōu fēng to catch the wind / to go for a spin in the fresh air 品质 品質 pǐn zhì character / intrinsic quality (of a person) / quality (of a product or service, or as in "quality of life", "air quality" etc) syn 气质 氣質 qì zhì personality traits / temperament / disposition / aura / air / feel / vibe / refinement / sophistication / class syn 上将 上將 shàng jiàng general / admiral / air chief marshal 航线 航線 háng xiàn air or shipping route syn 进口 進口 jìn kǒu to import / imported / entrance / inlet (for the intake of air, water etc) syn 空姐 kōng jiě abbr. for 空中小姐 / stewardess / air hostess / female flight attendant syn 暖气 暖氣 nuǎn qì central heating / heater / warm air syn 空袭 空襲 kōng xí to make an air raid syn 读数 讀數 dú shù reading / data from meter 气管 氣管 qì guǎn windpipe / trachea / respiratory tract / air duct / gas pipe syn 气温 氣溫 qì wēn air temperature / CL:個|个[ge4] 