元 yuán currency unit (esp. Chinese yuan) / (bound form) first / original / primary / (bound form) basic / fundamental / (bound form) constituent / part / (prefix) meta- / (math.) argument / variable / era (of a reign) / (Tw) (geology) eon syn 走向 zǒu xiàng direction / strike (i.e. angle of inclination in geology) / inclination / trend / to move towards / to head for 台阶 臺階 tái jiē steps / flight of steps / step (over obstacle) / fig. way out of an embarrassing situation / bench (geology) syn 层面 層面 céng miàn aspect / facet / level (political, psychological, spiritual etc) / (geology) bedding plane syn 岩浆 岩漿 yán jiāng (geology) magma 构造 構造 gòu zào structure / composition / tectonic (geology) / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 熔岩 róng yán (geology) lava 断层 斷層 duàn céng fault (geology) (CL:道[dao4]) / (fig.) gap / rupture (in the transmission of some skill) / (tomography) cross-sectional 变质 變質 biàn zhì to degenerate / to deteriorate / (of food) to go bad / to go off / (geology) metamorphism syn 褶皱 褶皺 zhě zhòu fold / crease / wrinkle / (geology) fold syn 地质 地質 dì zhì geology 板块 板塊 bǎn kuài slab / (geology) tectonic plate / (fig.) sector (of the stock market or of industry) / (economic) bloc 地核 dì hé core of the earth (geology) syn 内核 內核 nèi hé core (of a fruit) / (fig.) the essence (of a concept or doctrine etc) / (geology) inner core / (computing) kernel syn 沉积 沉積 chén jī sediment / deposit / sedimentation (geology) syn 剪切 jiǎn qiē to cut (with scissors or similar tool) / to shear / (geology) shear / (computing) to cut (as in "cut-and-paste") syn 地质学 地質學 dì zhì xué geology 地层 地層 dì céng stratum (geology) 蛇形 shé xíng S-shaped / serpentine / coiled like a snake 风口 風口 fēng kǒu air vent / drafty place / wind gap (geology) / tuyere (furnace air nozzle) / (fig.) hot trend / fad 玄武岩 xuán wǔ yán (geology) basalt 地块 地塊 dì kuài parcel of land / (geology) massif 软泥 軟泥 ruǎn ní soft mud / silt / sludge / ooze (geology) 地貌 dì mào (geology) landform / geomorphology syn 层状 層狀 céng zhuàng stratified / bedded (geology) 溶洞 róng dòng (geology) solutional cave (typically, a limestone cave) 孔隙 kǒng xì pore (geology) syn 喀斯特 kā sī tè (geology) karst (loanword) 岩溶 yán róng (geology) karst 剥蚀 剝蝕 bō shí to corrode / to expose by corrosion (geology) 重晶石 zhòng jīng shí barite (geology) 向斜 xiàng xié syncline (geology) 地幔 dì màn (geology) (the earth's) mantle 宙 zhòu eternity / (geology) eon 火成岩 huǒ chéng yán igneous rock (geology) / volcanic rock 沉积岩 沉積岩 chén jī yán sedimentary rock (geology) 矿体 礦體 kuàng tǐ ore body (geology) syn 硅化木 guī huà mù petrified wood (geology) 砾岩 礫岩 lì yán conglomerate (geology) 文石 wén shí aragonite (geology) 岩石圈 yán shí quān lithosphere (in geology, the rigid crust of the earth) 地层学 地層學 dì céng xué stratigraphy (geology) 白云岩 白雲岩 bái yún yán dolomite (geology) 背斜 bèi xié anticline (geology) 裂谷 liè gǔ (geology) rift valley 辉长岩 輝長岩 huī cháng yán gabbro (geology) 斑岩 bān yán porphyry (geology) 水圈 shuǐ quān the earth's ocean / the hydrosphere (geology) 断裂带 斷裂帶 duàn liè dài fault zone (geology) 变质岩 變質岩 biàn zhì yán metamorphic rock (geology) 环境地质学 環境地質學 environmental geology / geo-ecology / eco-geology / geotechnics 生态地质学 生態地質學 environmental geology / geo-ecology / eco-geology / geotechnics 变质作用 變質作用 biàn zhì zuò yòng metamorphism (geology) 捕虏岩 捕虜岩 bǔ lǔ yán xenolith (geology) 沉积作用 沉積作用 chén jī zuò yòng sedimentation (geology) 橄榄岩 橄欖岩 gǎn lǎn yán peridotite (geology) 辉绿岩 輝綠岩 huī lǜ yán diabase (geology) / dolerite 全新纪 全新紀 quán xīn jì (geology) the Holocene Epoch 全新世 quán xīn shì (geology) the Holocene Epoch 蛇绿岩 蛇綠岩 shé lǜ yán ophiolite (geology) 石炭系 shí tàn xì carboniferous system / coal measure (geology) 碳酸岩 tàn suān yán carbonate rock (geology) 枕状玄武岩 枕狀玄武岩 zhěn zhuàng xuán wǔ yán pillow lava (geology) / pillow basalt 浊积岩 濁積岩 zhuó jī yán turbidite (geology) 中央海岭 中央海嶺 zhōng yāng hǎi lǐng mid-ocean ridge (geology) 中洋脊 zhōng yáng jǐ mid-ocean ridge (geology) 中脊 zhōng jǐ mid-ocean ridge (geology) 印支期 yìn zhī qī Indo-Chinese epoch (geology) / Indosinian orogeny 古新统 古新統 gǔ xīn tǒng Palaeocene system (geology) 噴出岩 pēn chū yán extrusive rock (geology) 坳陷 ào xiàn (geology) depression / low-lying area 大洋中脊 dà yáng zhōng jǐ mid-ocean ridge (geology) 大洋型地壳 大洋型地殼 dà yáng xíng dì qiào oceanic crust (geology) 大陆块 大陸塊 dà lù kuài continental plates (geology) 奥陶系 奧陶系 ào táo xì Ordovician system (geology) 始新统 始新統 shǐ xīn tǒng Eocene system (geology) 安山岩 ān shān yán andesite (geology) 岛弧 島弧 dǎo hú (geology) island arc 崩坏作用 崩壞作用 bēng huài zuò yòng mass wasting (geology) / slope movement 岩流圈 yán liú quān asthenosphere (geology) 志留系 zhì liú xì Silurian system (geology) / see 志留紀|志留纪 李希霍芬 lǐ xī huò fēn Ferdinand von Richthofen (1833-1905), German geologist and explorer who published a major foundational study of the geology of China in 1887 and first introduced the term Silk Road 絲綢之路|丝绸之路 正断层 正斷層 zhèng duàn céng normal fault (geology) 壳幔 殼幔 ké màn crust-mantle (geology) 沉积带 沉積帶 chén jī dài sedimentary belt (geology) 泛大洋 fàn dà yáng Panthalassis (geology) 泛大陆 泛大陸 fàn dà lù Pangea (geology) 泥质岩 泥質岩 ní zhì yán mudstone (geology) 洋中脊 yáng zhōng jǐ mid-ocean ridge (geology) 洋底地壳 洋底地殼 yáng dǐ dì qiào oceanic crust (geology) 洋壳 洋殼 yáng qiào oceanic crust (geology) 海底扩张 海底擴張 hǎi dǐ kuò zhāng seafloor spreading (geology) 海底扩张说 海底擴張說 hǎi dǐ kuò zhāng shuō theory of seafloor spreading (geology) 海相 hǎi xiàng marine facies (geology) 海相沉积物 海相沉積物 hǎi xiāng chén jī wù oceanic sediment (geology) 淀积 澱積 diàn jī (geology) to illuviate 淀积物 澱積物 diàn jī wù (geology) illuvial material 滴石 dī shí a dripstone (geology) / stalactites and stalagmites 