原始 yuán shǐ first / original / primitive / original (document etc) syn 酋长 酋長 qiú zhǎng headman (of primitive people) / tribal chief / used as translation for foreign leaders, e.g. Indian Rajah or Arab Sheik or Emir 江湖 jiāng hú rivers and lakes / all corners of the country / remote areas to which hermits retreat / section of society operating independently of mainstream society, out of reach of the law / the milieu in which wuxia tales play out (cf. 武俠|武侠[wu3xia2]) / (in late imperial times) world of traveling merchants, itinerant doctors, fortune tellers etc / demimonde / (in modern times) triads / secret gangster societies / underworld syn 三合会 三合會 sān hé huì triad, Chinese crime gang / triad society, anti-Manchu secret society in Qing-dynasty China 原人 yuán rén prehistoric man / primitive man syn 奴隶社会 奴隸社會 nú lì shè huì slave-owning society (precedes feudal society 封建社會|封建社会 in Marxist theory) 原始人 yuán shǐ rén primitive man / prehistoric human syn 社会 社會 shè huì society / CL:個|个[ge4] 学会 學會 xué huì to learn / to master / institute / learned society / (scholarly) association 协会 協會 xié huì an association / a society / CL:個|个[ge4],家[jia1] 党 黨 dǎng party / association / club / society / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 秩序 zhì xù order / orderliness (in society, in the classroom, on the roads etc) 社 shè (bound form) society / organization / agency / (old) god of the land syn 社团 社團 shè tuán association / society / group / union / club / organization 联谊会 聯誼會 lián yì huì association / club / society / party / get-together 帮会 幫會 bāng huì secret society / underworld gang 底层 底層 dǐ céng ground floor / first floor / lowest level / lowest rung (of society etc) syn 入会 入會 rù huì to join a society, association etc 阴暗面 陰暗面 yīn àn miàn the dark side (of society etc) syn 体质 體質 tǐ zhì (a person's) constitution / underlying physical condition / physical makeup / (of an organization, society etc) structural soundness 隐退 隱退 yǐn tuì to retire (from society, esp. from politics) / to vanish syn 世面 shì miàn the wider world / diverse aspects of society syn 处世 處世 chǔ shì to conduct oneself in society syn 红尘 紅塵 hóng chén the world of mortals (Buddhism) / human society / worldly affairs syn 功勋 功勛 gōng xūn achievement / meritorious deed / contributions (for the good of society) syn 领导层 領導層 lǐng dǎo céng ruling class / leaders (of society) / oligarchy 公害 gōng hài environmental pollution / social scourge / blight on society 入世 rù shì to engage with secular society / to involve oneself in human affairs / to join the WTO (abbr. for 加入世界貿易組織|加入世界贸易组织[jia1 ru4 Shi4 jie4 Mao4 yi4 Zu3 zhi1]) 半边天 半邊天 bàn biān tiān half the sky / women of the new society / womenfolk syn 社员 社員 shè yuán commune member (PRC, 1958-1985) / member of a society (or other organization) 肌体 肌體 jī tǐ the body / organism (usually human) / (fig.) fabric (of society etc) / cohesive structure (of an entity) syn 大同 dà tóng see 大同市[Da4tong2 Shi4] / see 大同鄉|大同乡[Da4tong2 Xiang1] / see 大同區|大同区[Da4tong2 Qu1] / (Confucianism) Great Harmony (concept of an ideal society) 朝野 cháo yě all levels of society / the imperial court and the ordinary people 封地 fēng dì feudal fiefdom / land held as a vassal in feudal society / enfeoffment syn 白莲教 白蓮教 bái lián jiào White Lotus society 白莲 白蓮 bái lián white lotus (flower) / White Lotus society / same as 白蓮教|白莲教 你我 nǐ wǒ you and I / everyone / all of us (in society) / we (people in general) 小康社会 小康社會 xiǎo kāng shè huì society in which the material needs of most citizens are adequately met 人类社会 人類社會 rén lèi shè huì human society 封建社会 封建社會 fēng jiàn shè huì feudal society 上流社会 上流社會 shàng liú shè huì upper class / high society 人渣 rén zhā dregs of society / scum 涉世 shè shì to see the world / to go out into society / to gain experience syn 礼乐 禮樂 lǐ yuè (Confucianism) rites and music (the means of regulating society) 边缘人 邊緣人 biān yuán rén marginalized people (not part of mainstream society) / marginal man (term coined by social psychologist Kurt Lewin, referring to a person in transition between two cultures or social groups, not fully belonging to either) 外场 外場 wài cháng outside world / society syn 九三学社 九三學社 jiǔ sān xué shè Jiusan Society, one of the eight political parties of the CCP 界别 界別 jiè bié to divide up into different zones / (HK) sector of society / constituency / (taxonomy) kingdom syn 杜月笙 dù yuè shēng Du Yuesheng (1888-1951), Shanghai secret-society leader, banker, industrialist 帮 幫 bāng to help / to assist / to support / for sb (i.e. as a help) / hired (as worker) / side (of pail, boat etc) / outer layer / upper (of a shoe) / group / gang / clique / party / secret society syn 惊世骇俗 驚世駭俗 jīng shì hài sú universally shocking / to offend the whole of society syn 公家 gōng jiā the public / the state / society / the public purse syn 书会 書會 shū huì calligraphy society / village school (old) / literary society (old) 塔希提 tǎ xī tí Tahiti, island of the Society Islands group in French Polynesia 夜不闭户 夜不閉戶 yè bù bì hù lit. doors not locked at night (idiom) / fig. stable society syn 路不拾遗 路不拾遺 lù bù shí yí lit. no one picks up lost articles in the street (idiom) / fig. honesty prevails throughout society syn 兴中会 興中會 xīng zhōng huì Revive China Society, founded by Dr Sun Yat-sen 孫中山|孙中山 in 1894 in Honolulu 内卷 內捲 nèi juǎn (embryology) to involute / involution / (neologism c. 2017) (of a society) to become more and more of a rat race / to become increasingly competitive (due to limited resources) 社会总需求 社會總需求 shè huì zǒng xū qiú aggregate social demand / total requirement of society 蚖 yuán Protura (soil dwelling primitive hexapod) / variant of 螈, salamander / newt / triton 低等动物 低等動物 dī děng dòng wù lower animal / primitive life-form 看破红尘 看破紅塵 kān pò hóng chén to see through the world of mortals (idiom, of Buddhist monk) / disillusioned with human society / to reject the world for a monastic life syn 草满囹圄 草滿囹圄 cǎo mǎn líng yǔ lit. jails overgrown with grass (idiom) / fig. peaceful society 避世绝俗 避世絕俗 bì shì jué sú to withdraw from society and live like a hermit (idiom) 立身处世 立身處世 lì shēn chǔ shì (idiom) the way one conducts oneself in society syn 大逆不道 dà nì bù dào disgraceful (of behavior that is unfilial, rebellious or otherwise in grave breach of the norms of society) syn 原生生物 yuán shēng shēng wù protist / primitive organism 糟齿类爬虫 糟齒類爬蟲 zāo chǐ lèi pá chóng thecodontia (primitive dinosaur) 文昌鱼 文昌魚 wén chāng yú lancelet (Branchiostoma lanceolatum), a primitive fish 榛狉未改 zhēn pī wèi gǎi primitive state 无颌 無頜 wú hé jawless (primitive fish) 蚖虫 蚖蟲 yuán chóng Protura (soil dwelling primitive hexapod) 原生水 yuán shēng shuǐ juvenile water / primitive water 小刀会 小刀會 xiǎo dāo huì Dagger Society, anti-Qing secret society who mounted an unsuccessful rebellion in 1855 新剧同志会 新劇同志會 xīn jù tóng zhì huì New Play Comrade Society, Chinese theatrical company founded in 1912, a continuation of the Spring Willow Society 春柳社[Chun1 liu3 she4] 保护人权反对奴役协会 Anti-Slavery Society for the Protection of Human Rights / Anti-Slavery Society 反对奴役协会 Anti-Slavery Society for the Protection of Human Rights / Anti-Slavery Society 联合国与民间社会关系知名人士小组 Panel of Eminent Persons on United Nations-Civil Society Relations / Cardoso Panel on UN Relations with Civil Society 多哈全球民间社会论坛 多哈全球民間社會論壇 Doha Global Civil Society Forum / Civil Society Forum 民间社会支持巴勒斯坦人民国际会议 民間社會支持巴勒斯坦人民國際會議 United Nations International Conference of Civil Society in Support of the Palestinian People / International Conference of Civil Society in Support of the Palestinian People 加勒比共同体民间社会宪章 加勒比共同體民間社會憲章 Charter of Civil Society for the Caribbean Community / Charter of Civil Society 民间社会宪章 民間社會憲章 Charter of Civil Society for the Caribbean Community / Charter of Civil Society 联合国民间社会支援巴勒斯坦人民会议 聯合國民間社會支援巴勒斯坦人民會議 United Nations Meeting of Civil Society in Support of the Palestinian People / Meeting of Civil Society in Support of the Palestinian People 非宗教 fēi zōng jiào secular (society) / non-religious (party) 网际网路协会 網際網路協會 wǎng jì wǎng lù xié huì Internet Society 英国皇家学会 英國皇家學會 yīng guó huáng jiā xué huì Royal Society 中国法学会 中國法學會 zhōng guó fǎ xué huì China Law Society 中国地球物理学会 中國地球物理學會 zhōng guó dì qiú wù lǐ xué huì Chinese Geophysical Society 人寿年丰 人壽年豐 rén shòu nián fēng long-lived people, rich harvests (idiom) / stable and affluent society / prosperity syn 全国鸟类学会 全國鳥類學會 quán guó niǎo lèi xué huì China Ornithological Society 劲吹 勁吹 jìng chuī (of wind) to blow strongly / (fig.) (of trends, changes etc) to sweep through society 国家兴亡，匹夫有责 國家興亡，匹夫有責 guó jiā xīng wáng , pǐ fū yǒu zé The rise and fall of the nation concerns everyone (idiom). Everyone bears responsibility for the prosperity of society. 大刀会 大刀會 dà dāo huì Great Sword Society, an offshoot of the White Lotus in the late Qing dynasty, involved in anti-Western activity at the time of the Boxer rebellion 天下兴亡，匹夫有责 天下興亡，匹夫有責 tiān xià xīng wáng , pǐ fū yǒu zé The rise and fall of the nation concerns everyone (idiom). Everyone bears responsibility for the prosperity of society. 妇女能顶半边天 婦女能頂半邊天 fù nǚ néng dǐng bàn biān tiān Woman can hold up half the sky / fig. nowadays, women have an equal part to play in society 市民社会 市民社會 shì mín shè huì civil society (law) 建屋互助会 建屋互助會 jiàn wū hù zhù huì building society (finance) 挂帅的社会 掛帥的社會 guà shuài de shè huì a society in which that is regarded as all-important 春柳 chūn liǔ Spring Willow Society, pioneering Chinese theatrical company set up in Tokyo in 1906, part of New Culture Movement 新文化運動|新文化运动[Xin1 Wen2 hua4 Yun4 dong4], continued in China from 1912 as 新劇同志會|新剧同志会[Xin1 ju4 Tong2 zhi4 hui4] 