从 從 cóng from / through / via / (bound form) to follow / (bound form) to obey / (bound form) to engage in (an activity) / (used before a negative) ever / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) retainer / attendant / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) assistant / auxiliary / subordinate / (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor syn 家 jiā home / family / (polite) my (sister, uncle etc) / classifier for families or businesses / refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China / noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 妹妹 mèi mei younger sister / young woman / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 姐姐 jiě jie older sister / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 爷爷 爺爺 yé ye (coll.) paternal grandfather / grandpa syn 姐妹 jiě mèi sisters / siblings / sister (school, city etc) syn 修女 xiū nǚ nun or sister (of the Roman Catholic or Greek Orthodox churches) 祖父 zǔ fù father's father / paternal grandfather syn 姨妈 姨媽 yí mā (coll.) mother's sister / maternal aunt syn 姑妈 姑媽 gū mā (coll.) father's married sister / paternal aunt syn 外公 wài gōng (coll.) mother's father / maternal grandfather syn 兄妹 xiōng mèi brother(s) and sister(s) 外甥 wài shēng sister's son / wife's sibling's son syn 大姐 dà jiě big sister / elder sister / older sister (also polite term of address for a girl or woman slightly older than the speaker) syn 老爷 老爺 lǎo ye (respectful) lord / master / (coll.) maternal grandfather syn 曾祖父 zēng zǔ fù father's father's father / paternal great-grandfather syn 姊妹 zǐ mèi (older and younger) sisters / sister (school, city etc) syn 姐夫 jiě fu (coll.) older sister's husband syn 嫂子 sǎo zi (coll.) older brother's wife / sister-in-law syn 妹子 mèi zi (dialect) younger sister / girl syn 老爷爷 老爺爺 lǎo yé ye (coll.) father's father's father / paternal great-grandfather syn 妹夫 mèi fu younger sister's husband syn 小妹 xiǎo mèi little sister / girl / (Tw) young female employee working in a low-level role dealing with the public (assistant, waitress, attendant etc) 外祖父 wài zǔ fù maternal grandfather (i.e. mother's father) syn 大嫂 dà sǎo older brother's wife / sister-in-law / elder sister (respectful appellation for an older married woman) syn 外甥女 wài sheng nǚ sister's daughter / wife's sibling's daughter syn 小姨子 xiǎo yí zi (coll.) wife's younger sister / sister-in-law (term not used to directly address her) 姥爷 姥爺 lǎo ye maternal grandfather (dialectal) syn 先祖 xiān zǔ (literary) my deceased grandfather / (literary) ancestors syn 姨父 yí fu husband of mother's sister / uncle syn 姑父 gū fu father's sister's husband / husband of paternal aunt / uncle syn 阿爹 ā diē dad / father / (paternal) grandfather / old man syn 姨丈 yí zhàng mother's sister's husband / husband of mother's sister syn 姑奶奶 gū nǎi nai paternal great-aunt (father's father's sister) / (respectful form of address for a married woman used by members of her parents' family) married daughter / (brassy self-reference used by a woman in an altercation) I / me / this lady here / (coll.) form of address for an unmarried girl or woman, expressing affection or reproach 姑爷 姑爺 gū ye son-in-law (used by wife's family) / uncle (husband of father's sister) syn 嫂嫂 sǎo sao older brother's wife / sister-in-law / (polite address to a younger married woman) sister syn 小姑 xiǎo gū father's youngest sister / husband's younger sister / sister-in-law syn 曾祖 zēng zǔ great-grandfather (father of one's paternal grandfather) syn 姨母 yí mǔ mother's sister / maternal aunt syn 弟媳 dì xí younger brother's wife / sister-in-law syn 姑母 gū mǔ father's sister / paternal aunt syn 大姨 dà yí aunt (mother's eldest sister) / (respectful term of address for a woman who is about the age of one's mother) syn 表叔 biǎo shū son of grandfather's sister / son of grandmother's brother or sister / father's younger male cousin / (Hong Kong slang) mainlander syn 太公 tài gōng great-grandfather / (old) grandfather / father syn 叔公 shū gōng great uncle / grandfather's younger brother / husband's father's younger brother syn 姨夫 yí fu mother's sister's husband / husband of mother's sister syn 叔伯 shū bai (of cousins) descending from the same grandfather or great-grandfather syn 阿妹 ā mèi younger sister syn 大姑 dà gū father's oldest sister / husband's older sister / sister-in-law syn 姊夫 zǐ fu older sister's husband syn 姊姊 zǐ zǐ older sister / Taiwan pr. [jie3 jie5] 小妹妹 xiǎo mèi mei little sister / little girl / (coll.) vulva 小姨 xiǎo yí mother's youngest sister / wife's younger sister / sister-in-law 太爷 太爺 tài yé (respectful for) one's grandfather / sb's father / older people / the head of the house (used by servants) / a district magistrate syn 阿公 ā gōng (old) grandfather / polite address for an elderly man, or a woman's father-in-law / (Taiwanese) grandfather 大姨妈 大姨媽 dà yí mā mother's eldest sister (older than one's mother) / (coll.) (euphemism) Aunt Flo (i.e. menstrual period) 曾 zēng great- (grandfather, grandchild etc) syn 妹 mèi younger sister syn 姐 jiě older sister syn 姨 yí mother's sister / aunt syn 姊 zǐ older sister / Taiwan pr. [jie3] syn 姑 gū paternal aunt / husband's sister / husband's mother (old) / nun / for the time being (literary) syn 甥 shēng (bound form) sister's son / nephew syn 姑夫 gū fu father's sister's husband / husband of paternal aunt / uncle syn 嫂 sǎo (bound form) older brother's wife / sister-in-law syn 弟妇 弟婦 dì fù younger brother's wife / sister-in-law syn 姨妹 yí mèi wife's younger sister / sister-in-law 娲 媧 wā surname Wa / sister of legendary emperor Fuxi 伏羲[Fu2xi1] 姒 sì wife or senior concubine of husbands older brother (old) / elder sister (old) 姨婆 yí pó (strictly speaking) sister of one's maternal grandmother / (more broadly) grandaunt / sister of one's mother's mother or mother's father / (Tw) (old) husband's maternal aunt syn 甥女 shēng nǚ sister's daughter / niece syn 大姨子 dà yí zi sister-in-law / wife's older sister syn 叔祖母 shū zǔ mǔ wife of paternal grandfather's younger brother syn 曾外祖父 zēng wài zǔ fù great-grandfather (mother's grandfather) 姨姐 yí jiě wife's elder sister / sister-in-law 小姑子 xiǎo gū zi (coll.) husband's younger sister / sister-in-law syn 高祖父 gāo zǔ fù great-great-grandfather 阿巴 ā bā Aba, southeast Nigerian city / Aba, the Lisu 傈僳 word for grandfather 叔祖 shū zǔ grandfather's younger brother syn 显考 顯考 xiǎn kǎo honorific term for one's deceased father / (arch.) great-great-grandfather 祖父条款 祖父條款 zǔ fù tiáo kuǎn grandfather clause 外爷 外爺 wài ye (dialect) maternal grandfather 家公 jiā gōng head of a family / (polite) my father / (polite) my grandfather / your esteemed father 家祖 jiā zǔ (polite) my paternal grandfather 嫡堂 dí táng having the same paternal grandfather but different father syn 表姊妹 biǎo zǐ mèi father's sister's daughters / maternal female cousin 襟弟 jīn dì husband of wife's younger sister 襟兄 jīn xiōng husband of wife's older sister 舅嫂 jiù sǎo wife's brother's wife, sister-in-law 外甥女婿 wài sheng nǚ xù sister's daughter's husband 外甥媳妇 外甥媳婦 wài sheng xí fù sister's son's wife 嬃 xū elder sister 姨姥姥 yí lǎo lao mother's mother's sister / great-aunt 姨甥男女 yí sheng nán nǚ wife's sister's children 幼妹 yòu mèi younger sister 长姊 長姊 zhǎng zǐ older sister 姊丈 zǐ zhàng older sister's husband 祖姑母 zǔ gū mǔ father's father's sister / great aunt 姉 jiě Japanese variant of 姐 / older sister 