妈妈 媽媽 mā ma mama / mommy / mother / CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4] syn 母亲 母親 mǔ qīn mother / also pr. [mu3 qin5] / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 父母 fù mǔ father and mother / parents syn 阿姨 ā yí maternal aunt / step-mother / childcare worker / nursemaid / woman of similar age to one's parents (term of address used by child) / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 祖母 zǔ mǔ father's mother / paternal grandmother syn 外婆 wài pó (coll.) mother's mother / maternal grandmother syn 姨妈 姨媽 yí mā (coll.) mother's sister / maternal aunt syn 老太太 lǎo tài tai elderly lady (respectful) / esteemed mother / CL:位[wei4] syn 大地 dà dì earth / mother earth syn 舅舅 jiù jiu mother's brother / maternal uncle (informal) / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 外公 wài gōng (coll.) mother's father / maternal grandfather syn 婆婆 pó po husband's mother / mother-in-law / grandma syn 娘娘 niáng niang queen / empress / imperial concubine / Goddess, esp. Xi Wangmu 王母娘娘 or 西王母, Queen Mother of the West / mother / aunt syn 老娘 lǎo niáng my old mother / I, this old woman / my old lady (colloquial) / maternal grandmother / midwife syn 母女 mǔ nǚ mother and daughter / mother-daughter 老奶奶 lǎo nǎi nai (coll.) father's father's mother / paternal great-grandmother / respectful form of address for an old woman syn 姥姥 lǎo lao (coll.) mother's mother / maternal grandmother syn 生母 shēng mǔ natural mother / birth mother syn 母亲节 母親節 mǔ qīn jié Mother's Day 母子 mǔ zǐ mother and child / parent and subsidiary (companies) / principal and interest 岳母 yuè mǔ wife's mother, mother-in-law syn 母体 母體 mǔ tǐ (zoology, medicine) mother's body / (chemistry etc) parent / matrix / (statistics) population / parent population 伯母 bó mǔ wife of father's elder brother / aunt / (polite form of address for a woman who is about the age of one's mother) / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 外祖母 wài zǔ mǔ mother's mother / maternal grandmother syn 马利亚 馬利亞 mǎ lì yà Maria (name) / Mary, mother of Jesus Christ 因子 yīn zǐ factor / (genetic) trait / (math.) factor / divisor syn 外祖父 wài zǔ fù maternal grandfather (i.e. mother's father) syn 母语 母語 mǔ yǔ native language / mother tongue / (linguistics) parent language 助产 助產 zhù chǎn to help a mother give birth 养母 養母 yǎng mǔ foster mother / adoptive mother syn 丈母娘 zhàng mǔ niáng wife's mother / mother-in-law syn 姨父 yí fu husband of mother's sister / uncle syn 遗传性 遺傳性 yí chuán xìng hereditary / inherited / genetic 母猪 母豬 mǔ zhū sow / mother pig 家母 jiā mǔ (polite) my mother syn 姨丈 yí zhàng mother's sister's husband / husband of mother's sister syn 阿婆 ā pó granny / mother-in-law syn 慈母 cí mǔ warm, caring mother syn 舅父 jiù fù mother's brother / maternal uncle syn 转基因 轉基因 zhuǎn jī yīn genetic modification 干妈 乾媽 gān mā adoptive mother (traditional adoption, i.e. without legal ramifications) syn 亲缘 親緣 qīn yuán blood relationship / genetic relationship / consanguinity syn 令堂 lìng táng (honorific) your mother syn 姨母 yí mǔ mother's sister / maternal aunt syn 大姨 dà yí aunt (mother's eldest sister) / (respectful term of address for a woman who is about the age of one's mother) syn 舅母 jiù mǔ wife of mother's brother / aunt / maternal uncle's wife syn 二老 èr lǎo mother and father / parents syn 姨夫 yí fu mother's sister's husband / husband of mother's sister syn 母机 母機 mǔ jī machine tool / mother ship syn 阿妈 阿媽 ā mā grandma (paternal) (Tw) / (dialect) mother / nurse / amah / (Manchu) father syn 婆媳 pó xí mother-in-law and daughter-in-law 大方 dà fāng expert / scholar / mother earth / a type of green tea syn 老妈 老媽 lǎo mā mother / mom 生物工程 shēng wù gōng chéng bioengineering / genetic engineering 所生 suǒ shēng parents (father and mother) 优生 優生 yōu shēng outstanding student / to give birth to healthy babies (typically involving prenatal screening and the abortion of offspring with a severe abnormality) / to enhance the genetic quality of a population / eugenics 小姨 xiǎo yí mother's youngest sister / wife's younger sister / sister-in-law 基因工程 jī yīn gōng chéng genetic engineering 贤妻良母 賢妻良母 xián qī liáng mǔ a good wife and loving mother 基因突变 基因突變 jī yīn tū biàn genetic mutation 西王母 xī wáng mǔ Xi Wangmu, Queen Mother of the West, keeper of the peaches of immortality / popularly known as 王母娘娘 syn 代孕 dài yùn to serve as a surrogate mother / surrogacy 待产 待產 dài chǎn (of an expectant mother) to be in labor syn 隔山 gé shān half-sibling relationship / brothers with different mother / step- 月嫂 yuè sǎo woman hired to take care of a newborn child and its mother in the month after childbirth 大姨妈 大姨媽 dà yí mā mother's eldest sister (older than one's mother) / (coll.) (euphemism) Aunt Flo (i.e. menstrual period) 小阿姨 xiǎo ā yí auntie, youngest of sisters in mother's family 六亲 六親 liù qīn six close relatives, namely: father 父[fu4], mother 母[mu3], older brothers 兄[xiong1], younger brothers 弟[di4], wife 妻[qi1], male children 子[zi3] / one's kin syn 反义 反義 fǎn yì antonymous / (genetic) antisense 义母 義母 yì mǔ adoptive mother syn 圣母玛利亚 聖母瑪利亞 shèng mǔ mǎ lì yà Mary (mother of Jesus) 宗主国 宗主國 zōng zhǔ guó suzerain state / mother country (of a colony) 妈 媽 mā ma / mom / mother syn 母 mǔ mother / elderly female relative / origin / source / (of animals) female syn 奶 嬭 nǎi mother / variant of 奶[nai3] syn 婆 pó (bound form) grandmother / (bound form) matron / (bound form) mother-in-law / (slang) femme (in a lesbian relationship) syn 姨 yí mother's sister / aunt syn 姑 gū paternal aunt / husband's sister / husband's mother (old) / nun / for the time being (literary) syn 曾祖母 zēng zǔ mǔ father's father's mother / paternal great-grandmother syn 瑶 瑤 yáo jade / precious stone / mother-of-pearl / nacre / precious / used a complementary honorific 遗传工程 遺傳工程 yí chuán gōng chéng genetic engineering 王太后 wáng tài hòu Queen Dowager (in Europe) / widowed queen / Queen mother 染色质 染色質 rǎn sè zhì chromosome / genetic material of chromosome 安德海 ān dé hǎi An Dehai (-1869), the Qing equivalent of Rasputin, all-powerful court eunuch with the dowager empress Cixi 慈禧太后[Ci2 xi3 tai4 hou4], executed in 1869 by her rival Empress Mother Empress Dowager Ci'an 慈安皇太后 丈母 zhàng mǔ wife's mother / mother-in-law syn 恃 shì (bound form) to rely on / (literary) one's mother syn 妗 jìn wife of mother's brother syn 獍 jìng a mythical animal that eats its mother 妣 bǐ deceased mother 珧 yáo mother-of-pearl 姨婆 yí pó (strictly speaking) sister of one's maternal grandmother / (more broadly) grandaunt / sister of one's mother's mother or mother's father / (Tw) (old) husband's maternal aunt syn 遗传物质 遺傳物質 yí chuán wù zhì genetic material 老佛爷 老佛爺 lǎo fó yé title of respect for the queen mother or the emperor's father / nickname for Empress Dowager Cixi 慈禧太后[Ci2 xi3 tai4 hou4] syn 干娘 乾娘 gān niáng adoptive mother (traditional adoption, i.e. without legal ramifications) syn 王母娘娘 wáng mǔ niáng niáng another name for Xi Wangmu 西王母, Queen Mother of the West syn 画荻教子 畫荻教子 huà dí jiào zǐ to write on the sand with reeds while teaching one's son (idiom) / mother's admirable dedication to her children's education 世界植物遗传资源状况 State of the World's Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture / State of the World's Plant Genetic Resources 植物遗传资源国际技术会议 植物遺傳資源國際技術會議 International Technical Conference on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic Resources for Agriculture / International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources 姨姥姥 yí lǎo lao mother's mother's sister / great-aunt 