规矩 規矩 guī ju lit. compass and set square / fig. established standard / rule / customs / practices / fig. upright and honest / well-behaved syn 作弊 zuò bì to practice fraud / to cheat / to engage in corrupt practices syn 旧约 舊約 jiù yuē former agreement / former contract syn 离经叛道 離經叛道 lí jīng pàn dào to rebel against orthodoxy / to depart from established practices syn 弊端 bì duān systemic problem (sometimes refers specifically to corrupt practices) syn 旧物 舊物 jiù wù old property (esp. inherited from former generation) / former territory syn 萨摩 薩摩 sà mó Satsuma, the name of a former feudal domain in Japan, and of a former province, a battleship, a district, a peninsula etc 两袖清风 兩袖清風 liǎng xiù qīng fēng lit. both sleeves flowing in the breeze (idiom) / having clean hands / uncorrupted / unsoiled by corrupt practices syn 往届 往屆 wǎng jiè former sessions / former years 晒黑 曬黑 shài hēi to sunbathe / to tan / to get sunburnt / to expose unfair practices (on a consumer protection website) 积重难返 積重難返 jī zhòng nán fǎn ingrained habits are hard to overcome (idiom) / bad old practices die hard syn 积弊 積弊 jī bì age-old (malpractice) / long established (corrupt practices) / deeply rooted (superstition) syn 前 qián front / forward / ahead / first / top (followed by a number) / future / ago / before / BC (e.g. 前293年) / former / formerly syn 曾经 曾經 céng jīng once / already / former / previously / ever / (past tense marker used before verb or clause) syn 原来 原來 yuán lái original / former / originally / formerly / at first / so, actually, as it turns out syn 原 yuán former / original / primary / raw / level / cause / source syn 制服 zhì fú to subdue / to check / to bring under control / (in former times) what one is allowed to wear depending on social status / uniform (army, party, school etc) / livery (for company employees) / CL:套[tao4] 拉丁 lā dīng Latin / (in former times) to press-gang / to kidnap and force people into service 前任 qián rèn predecessor / ex- / former / ex (spouse etc) syn 前夫 qián fū former husband 汉城 漢城 hàn chéng Hanseong, former name of Seoul (capital of South Korea), replaced in 2005 with 首爾|首尔[Shou3 er3] 往事 wǎng shì past events / former happenings syn 复原 復原 fù yuán to restore (sth) to (its) former condition / to recover from illness / recovery syn 原先 yuán xiān originally / original / former syn 武术 武術 wǔ shù military skill or technique (in former times) / all kinds of martial art sports (some claiming spiritual development) / self-defense / tradition of choreographed fights from opera and film (recent usage) / also called kungfu 功夫 / CL:種|种[zhong3] syn 中场 中場 zhōng chǎng middle period of a tripartite provincial exam (in former times) / midfield / mid-court (in sports) / half-time / intermission half-way through a performance 复发 復發 fù fā to recur (of a disease) / to reappear / to relapse (into a former bad state) syn 旧事 舊事 jiù shì old affair / former matter syn 往日 wǎng rì former days / the past syn 叙旧 敘舊 xù jiù to reminisce / to talk about former times syn 前嫌 qián xián former hatred / bygone enmity 昔日 xī rì former days / in the past syn 前者 qián zhě the former syn 原有 yuán yǒu original / former syn 传承 傳承 chuán chéng to pass on (to future generations) / passed on (from former times) / a continued tradition / an inheritance syn 旧日 舊日 jiù rì former times / olden days syn 西贡 西貢 xī gòng Saigon, capital of former South Vietnam / Sai Kung town in New Territories, Hong Kong 往年 wǎng nián in former years / in previous years syn 麦迪 麥迪 mài dí Tracy McGrady (1979-), former NBA player 旧时 舊時 jiù shí in former times / the olden days syn 上辈子 上輩子 shàng bèi zi one's ancestors / past generations / a former incarnation syn 三军 三軍 sān jūn (in former times) upper, middle and lower army / army of right, center and left / (in modern times) the three armed services: Army, Navy and Air Force syn 旧病 舊病 jiù bìng old illness / former affliction syn 王法 wáng fǎ the law / the law of the land / the law of a state (in former times) / criterion syn 故居 gù jū former residence syn 银元 銀元 yín yuán flat silver (former coinage) / also written 銀圓|银圆 / silver dollar syn 围场 圍場 wéi chǎng enclosure / pig pen / hunting ground exclusively kept for emperor or nobility (in former times) 旧闻 舊聞 jiù wén outdated news / old anecdote / stories passed on from former times syn 群雄 qún xióng outstanding heroes / warlords vying for supremacy (in former times) / stars (of sports or pop music) syn 痛改前非 tòng gǎi qián fēi completely correcting one's former misdeeds (idiom) / to repent past mistakes and turn over a new leaf / a reformed character syn 旧部 舊部 jiù bù one's former subordinates 舒马赫 舒馬赫 shū mǎ hè Michael Schumacher (1969-), former German racing driver 旧址 舊址 jiù zhǐ former site / old location 锡兰 錫蘭 xī lán Ceylon (former name of Sri Lanka) 胡志明 hú zhì míng Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969), former Vietnamese leader / see also 胡志明市[Hu2 Zhi4 ming2 Shi4] 旧地 舊地 jiù dì once familiar places / former haunts syn 西汉 西漢 xī hàn Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-8 AD), also called 前漢|前汉[Qian2 Han4], Former Han Dynasty 保驾 保駕 bǎo jià (in former times) to escort the emperor (or other important personage) / (nowadays) to escort sb (usually jocular) syn 雷龙 雷龍 léi lóng apatosaurus / former name: brontosaurus 银钱 銀錢 yín qián silver money (in former times) syn 旧貌 舊貌 jiù mào old look / former appearance syn 莱温斯基 萊溫斯基 lái wēn sī jī Monica Lewinsky (1973-), former White House intern 账房 賬房 zhàng fáng an accounts office (in former times) / an accountant / a cashier 网通 網通 wǎng tōng China Netcom (CNC), former telecommunication service provider in PRC 铜钱 銅錢 tóng qián copper coin (round with a square hole in the middle, used in former times in China) syn 午时 午時 wǔ shí 11 am-1 pm (in the system of two-hour subdivisions used in former times) 银票 銀票 yín piào (in former times) banknote with a value in silver 旧居 舊居 jiù jū old residence / former home syn 余孽 餘孽 yú niè remaining evil element / surviving members (of an evil former regime) / dregs (of a colonial administration) syn 连战 連戰 lián zhàn Lien Chan (1936-), Taiwanese politician, former vice-president and chairman of Guomintang 农妇 農婦 nóng fù peasant woman (in former times) / female farm worker syn 故地 gù dì once familiar places / former haunts syn 头面 頭面 tóu miàn head ornament (in former times) / (literary) head / face / looks syn 巡捕 xún bǔ to patrol / policeman (in China's former foreign concessions) syn 洋货 洋貨 yáng huò Western goods / imported goods (in former times) syn 旧制 舊制 jiù zhì old system / weights and measures of former times 旧宅 舊宅 jiù zhái former residence syn 打更 dǎ gēng to sound the night watches (on clappers or gongs, in former times) 陈迹 陳跡 chén jì past events / relics from a former age / ruins syn 故交 gù jiāo former acquaintance / old friend syn 过去 過去 guò qù (in the) past / former / previous / to go over / to pass by syn 故宫 故宮 gù gōng former imperial palace 前苏联 前蘇聯 qián sū lián former Soviet Union 龙飞 龍飛 lóng fēi to promote (to official position in former times) 前总统 前總統 qián zǒng tǒng former president 褪去 tuì qù to take off (one's clothes) / (fig.) to shed (one's former image etc) / (of a fad or the after-effects of a disaster etc) to subside / also pr. [tun4 qu4] 王治郅 wáng zhì zhì Wang Zhizhi (1977-), former Chinese basketball player 国家环保总局 國家環保總局 guó jiā huán bǎo zǒng jú (PRC) State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), former incarnation (until 2008) of 環境保護部|环境保护部[Huan2 jing4 Bao3 hu4 bu4] 李肇星 lǐ zhào xīng Li Zhaoxing (1940-), former PRC foreign minister 子时 子時 zǐ shí 11 pm-1 am (in the system of two-hour subdivisions used in former times) 汉书 漢書 hàn shū History of the Former Han Dynasty, second of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], composed by Ban Gu 班固[Ban1 Gu4] in 82 during Eastern Han (later Han), 100 scrolls 昔年 xī nián former years / previous years syn 赛马会 賽馬會 sài mǎ huì the Jockey Club, Hong Kong philanthropic organization (and former gentleman's club) 书馆 書館 shū guǎn teashop with performance by 評書|评书 story tellers / (attached to name of publishing houses) / (in former times) private school / library (of classic texts) 私塾 sī shú private school (in former times) syn 独联体 獨聯體 dú lián tǐ Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Union) / abbr. for 獨立國家聯合體|独立国家联合体 王莽 wáng mǎng Wang Mang (45 BC-23 AD), usurped power and reigned 9-23 between the former and later Han 先王 xiān wáng former sovereigns 吴官正 吳官正 wú guān zhèng Wu Guanzheng (1938-), former CCP Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 