庄园 莊園 zhuāng yuán manor / feudal land / villa and park syn 领主 領主 lǐng zhǔ feudal lord / suzerain / overlord syn 统治者 統治者 tǒng zhì zhě ruler syn 苏丹 蘇丹 sū dān Sudan / sultan (ruler of some Muslim states, esp. Ottoman Emperor) 臣民 chén mín subject (of a kingdom, ruler etc) 圣贤 聖賢 shèng xián a sage / wise and holy man / virtuous ruler / Buddhist lama / wine syn 御用 禦用 yù yòng for use by the emperor / imperial / (derog.) in the pay of the ruler 辅佐 輔佐 fǔ zuǒ to assist (usually a ruler) syn 当权者 當權者 dāng quán zhě ruler / those in power / the authorities syn 爵位 jué wèi order of feudal nobility, namely: Duke 公[gong1], Marquis 侯[hou2], Count 伯[bo2], Viscount 子[zi3], Baron 男[nan2] syn 封建 fēng jiàn system of enfeoffment / feudalism / feudal / feudalistic syn 尺子 chǐ zi ruler (measuring instrument) / CL:把[ba3] syn 家臣 jiā chén counselor of king or feudal warlord / henchman 直尺 zhí chǐ straight ruler syn 臣子 chén zǐ official in feudal court / subject syn 差役 chāi yì forced labor of feudal tenant (corvée) / bailiff of feudal yamen syn 贵贱 貴賤 guì jiàn noble and lowly / high versus low social hierarchy of ruler to people, father to son, husband to wife in Confucianism 宰相 zǎi xiàng prime minister (in feudal China) syn 萨摩 薩摩 sà mó Satsuma, the name of a former feudal domain in Japan, and of a former province, a battleship, a district, a peninsula etc 官府 guān fǔ authorities / feudal official syn 封地 fēng dì feudal fiefdom / land held as a vassal in feudal society / enfeoffment syn 俸禄 俸祿 fèng lù official's salary (in feudal times) syn 归附 歸附 guī fù to realign one's allegiance (to another religion, ruler etc) / to submit syn 奴隶社会 奴隸社會 nú lì shè huì slave-owning society (precedes feudal society 封建社會|封建社会 in Marxist theory) 有道 yǒu dào to have attained the Way / (of a government or a ruler) enlightened / wise and just 封建社会 封建社會 fēng jiàn shè huì feudal society 君臣 jūn chén a ruler and his ministers (old) 衙役 yá yì bailiff of feudal yamen syn 恩宠 恩寵 ēn chǒng special favor from a ruler / Emperor's generosity towards a favorite 励精图治 勵精圖治 lì jīng tú zhì (of a ruler) to strive to make one's nation strong and prosperous (idiom) syn 资治通鉴 資治通鑒 zī zhì tōng jiàn A Mirror for the Wise Ruler (or Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government), a vast chronological general history, written by 司馬光|司马光[Si1 ma3 Guang1] Sima Guang (1019-1089) and collaborators during the Northern Song in 1084, covering the period 403 BC-959 AD, 294 scrolls 臣下 chén xià official in feudal court / subject 圣明 聖明 shèng míng enlightened sage / brilliant master (flattering words applied to ruler) 昏君 hūn jūn incapable ruler 臣妾 chén qiè (literary) I, your servant (self-appellation of a lower-rank female) / (archaic) male and female slaves / subjects (of a ruler) 改元 gǎi yuán to change an emperor's or ruler's reign title (old) syn 执政者 執政者 zhí zhèng zhě ruler 赐死 賜死 cì sǐ (of a ruler) to order sb to commit suicide (in lieu of execution) 主宰者 zhǔ zǎi zhě ruler 李后主 李後主 lǐ hòu zhǔ Li Houzhu (c. 937-978), the final Southern Tang ruler (ruled 961-975) and a renowned poet / given name Li Yu 李煜 尺 chǐ a Chinese foot / one-third of a meter / a ruler / a tape-measure / one of the three acupoints for measuring pulse in Chinese medicine / CL:支[zhi1],把[ba3] syn 君 jūn monarch / lord / gentleman / ruler syn 霸 bà hegemon / tyrant / lord / feudal chief / to rule by force / to usurp / (in modern advertising) master syn 玺 璽 xǐ ruler's seal syn 埃米尔 埃米爾 āi mǐ ěr Emir (Muslim ruler) / Amir 成吉思汗 chéng jí sī hán Genghis Khan (1162-1227), founder and ruler of the Mongol Empire 俞 yú yes (used by Emperor or ruler) / OK / to accede / to assent 五刑 wǔ xíng imperial five punishments of feudal China, up to Han times: tattooing characters on the forehead 墨[mo4], cutting off the nose 劓[yi4], amputation of one or both feet 刖[yue4], castration 宮|宫[gong1], execution 大辟[da4 pi4] / Han dynasty onwards: whipping 笞[chi1], beating the legs and buttocks with rough thorns 杖[zhang4], forced labor 徒[tu2], exile or banishment 流[liu2], capital punishment 死[si3] 独夫 獨夫 dú fū sole ruler / dictator syn 五伦 五倫 wǔ lún the five Confucian relationships (ruler-subject, father-son, brother-brother, husband-wife, friend-friend) syn 分封制 fēn fēng zhì the feudal system / system of enfeoffment 郧 鄖 yún name of a feudal state 鄢 wān surname Yan / name of a feudal state 邰 tái surname Tai / name of a feudal state 郜 gào surname Gao / name of a feudal state 邾 zhū name of a feudal state 郇 xún name of a feudal state 爱民如子 愛民如子 ài mín rú zǐ (idiom) to love the common people as one's own children (praise for a virtuous ruler) syn 名臣 míng chén important official or statesman (in feudal China) 邶 bèi name of a feudal state 郐 鄶 kuài surname Kuai / name of a feudal state 鄘 yōng surname Yong / name of a feudal state 挟天子以令天下 挾天子以令天下 xié tiān zǐ yǐ lìng tiān xià (expr.) hold the feudal overlord and you control the whole country 挟天子以令诸侯 挾天子以令諸侯 xié tiān zǐ yǐ lìng zhū hóu (expr.) hold the feudal overlord and you control his vassals 三纲五常 三綱五常 sān gāng wǔ cháng three principles and five virtues (idiom) / the three rules (ruler guides subject, father guides son and husband guides wife) and five constant virtues of Confucianism (benevolence 仁, righteousness 義|义, propriety 禮|礼, wisdom 智 and fidelity 信) 爱国如家 愛國如家 ài guó rú jiā to love one's country as one's own family (praise for a virtuous ruler) 百鸟朝凤 百鳥朝鳳 bǎi niǎo cháo fèng lit. all birds paying looking up to the phoenix / fig. peace under a wise ruler 圣神 聖神 shèng shén feudal term of praise for ruler, king or emperor / general term for saint in former times / term for God during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 太平天國|太平天国 / Holy Spirit (in Christian Trinity) 先主 xiān zhǔ former ruler / founding ruler 寀 cài feudal estate 五等爵位 wǔ děng jué wèi five orders of feudal nobility, namely: Duke 公[gong1], Marquis 侯[hou2], Count 伯[bo2], Viscount 子[zi3], Baron 男[nan2] 室町 shì tǐng Muromachi bakufu, the feudal government of Japan (1338-1573) under the Ashikaga shoguns 室町幕府 shì tǐng mù fǔ Muromachi bakufu, the feudal government of Japan (1338-1573) under the Ashikaga shoguns 封建思想 fēng jiàn sī xiǎng feudal way of thinking 封建时代 封建時代 fēng jiàn shí dài feudal times 废藩置县 廢藩置縣 fèi fān zhì xiàn to abolish the feudal Han and introduce modern prefectures (refers to reorganization during Meiji Japan) 会盟 會盟 huì méng meetings conducted by rulers in feudal China for the purpose of formalizing alliances, finalizing treaties 臣属 臣屬 chén shǔ official in feudal court / subject 衙署 yá shǔ government office in feudal China / yamen syn 贵胄 貴胄 guì zhòu descendants of feudal aristocrats 贤相 賢相 xián xiàng sagacious prime minister (in feudal China) 公燕 gōng yàn banquet held for high-ranking imperial or feudal officials 阿初佛 ā chū fó erroneous variant of 阿閦佛, Aksobhya, the imperturbable ruler of Eastern Paradise, Abhirati 李煜 lǐ yù Li Yu (c. 937-978), given name of the final ruler of Tang of the Five Southern dynasties Li Houzhu 李後主|李后主, a renowned poet 妺 mò wife of the last ruler of the Xia dynasty 傅说 傅說 fù shuō Fu Shuo (c. 14th century BC), legendary sage and principal minister of Shang ruler Wu Ding 划线板 劃線板 huà xiàn bǎn ruler (used for drawing lines) 匡扶社稷 kuāng fú shè jì (of states within the nation) to support the ruler in governing the country 尺规 尺規 chǐ guī ruler and compass (in geometric constructions) 尺规作图 尺規作圖 chǐ guī zuò tú ruler and compass construction (geometry) 巴布尔 巴布爾 bā bù ěr Zaheeruddin Babur (1483-1530), first ruler of Mughal dynasty of India 帝辛 dì xīn Emperor Xin, last ruler of Shang (11th Century BC), famous as a tyrant 庇西特拉图 庇西特拉圖 bì xī tè lā tú Pisistratus (-528 BC), tyrant (ruler) of Athens at different times between 561 BC and 528 BC 折尺 摺尺 zhé chǐ folding ruler 木讷老人 木訥老人 mù nè lǎo rén ungraduated ruler / straight edge 东方阿閦佛 東方阿閦佛 dōng fāng ā chù fó Aksobhya, the imperturbable ruler of Eastern Paradise, Abhirati 桀王 jié wáng King Jie, the final ruler of the Xia dynasty (until c. 1600 BC), a notoriously cruel and immoral tyrant 武丁 wǔ dīng Wu Ding (c. 14th century BC), legendary founder and wise ruler of Shang dynasty 瑶之圃 瑤之圃 yáo zhī pǔ jade garden of celestial ruler / paradise 