the not-very-distant past / modern times, excluding recent decades / (in the context of Chinese history) the period from the Opium Wars until the May 4th Movement (mid-19th century to 1919) / capitalist times (pre-1949)
to apply (sth hitherto used in a different context) / to use (rules, systems, models etc copied from elsewhere) (often implying that they aren't suited to the new situation) / to borrow (a phrase) / (Tw) (computing) to apply (a style, formatting etc)
Chinese language (Mandarin), emphasizing its national nature / Chinese as a primary or secondary school subject / Chinese in the context of the Nationalist Government / Guoyu, book of historical narrative c. 10th-5th century BC
arteries and veins / network of blood vessels / vascular system (of a plant or animal) / (fig.) fabric (i.e. underlying structure, as in "social fabric") / overall context
(Tw) duplicate uniform invoice, a type of receipt 統一發票|统一发票[tong3 yi1 fa1 piao4] issued to a person or organization without a VAT identification number
to keep the books / to do the accounts / (in context) to cook the books
The four tones
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