Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1881, whereby Russia handed back Yili province to Qing China in exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty rights
Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1881, whereby Russia handed back Yili province to Qing China in exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty rights
Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1881 in which Russia agreed to hand back Yili province to Qing China in exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty rights
Prince Shōtoku Taiji (574-621), major Japanese statesman and reformer of the Asuka period 飛鳥時代|飞鸟时代[Fei1 niao3 Shi2 dai4], proponent of state Buddhism, portrayed as Buddhist saint
feudal term of praise for ruler, king or emperor / general term for saint in former times / term for God during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 太平天國|太平天国 / Holy Spirit (in Christian Trinity)
various sages and ten schools of thought / refers to the classical schools of thought, e.g. Confucianism 儒[ru2] represented by Confucius 孔子[Kong3 zi3] and Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3], Daoism 道[dao4] by Laozi 老子[Lao3 zi3] and Zhuangzi 莊子|庄子[Zhuang1 zi3], Mohism 墨[mo4] by Mozi 墨子[Mo4 zi3], Legalism 法[fa3] by Sunzi 孫子|孙子[Sun1 zi3] and Han Feizi 韓非子|韩非子[Han2 Fei1 zi3], and numerous others
National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA) (abbr. for 國家廣播電視總局|国家广播电视总局[Guo2 jia1 Guang3 bo1 Dian4 shi4 Zong3 ju2]) / formerly SAPPRFT, the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (2013-2018) and SARFT, the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (prior to 2013)
various sages / refers to the classical schools of thought, e.g. Confucianism 儒[ru2] represented by Confucius 孔子[Kong3 zi3] and Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3], Daoism 道[dao4] by Laozi 老子[Lao3 zi3] and Zhuangzi 莊子|庄子[Zhuang1 zi3], Mohism 墨[mo4] by Mozi 墨子[Mo4 zi3], Legalism 法[fa3] by Sunzi 孫子|孙子[Sun1 zi3] and Han Feizi 韓非子|韩非子[Han2 Fei1 zi3], and numerous others
Zhang Zhixin (1930-1975) female revolutionary and martyr, who followed the true Marxist-Leninist line as a party member, and was arrested in 1969, then executed in 1975 after opposing the counterrevolutionary party-usurping conspiracies of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four, and only rehabilitated posthumously in 1979
three principles and five virtues (idiom) / the three rules (ruler guides subject, father guides son and husband guides wife) and five constant virtues of Confucianism (benevolence 仁, righteousness 義|义, propriety 禮|礼, wisdom 智 and fidelity 信)
(TCM) "five strains and seven impairments", five referring to the five viscera 五臟|五脏[wu3 zang4], and seven to adverse effects on one's body as a result of: overeating (spleen), anger (liver), moisture (kidney), cold (lung), worry (heart), wind and rain (outer appearance) and fear (mind)
the Three Caos (Cao Cao 曹操 and his sons Cao Pi 曹丕 and Cao Zhi 曹植), who established the Wei or Cao Wei dynasty 曹魏, and were all three noted poets and calligraphers
the nine schools of thought, philosophical schools of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods (770-220 BC), viz Confucians 儒家[Ru2 jia1], Daoists 道家[Dao4 jia1], Yin and Yang 陰陽家|阴阳家[Yin1 yang2 jia1], Legalists 法家[Fa3 jia1], Logicians 名家[Ming2 jia1], Mohists 墨家[Mo4 jia1], Diplomats 縱橫家|纵横家[Zong4 heng2 jia1], Miscellaneous 雜家|杂家[Za2 jia1], and Agriculturalists 農家|农家[Nong2 jia1]
the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC), namely: Duke Huan of Qi 齊桓公|齐桓公[Qi2 Huan2 gong1], Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公|晋文公[Jin4 Wen2 gong1], King Zhuang of Chu 楚莊王|楚庄王[Chu3 Zhuang1 wang2], and alternatively Duke Xiang of Song 宋襄公[Song4 Xiang1 gong1] and Duke Mu of Qin 秦穆公[Qin2 Mu4 gong1] or King Helu of Wu 吳王闔閭|吴王阖闾[Wu2 wang2 He2 Lu:2] and King Gou Jian of Yue 越王勾踐|越王勾践[Yue4 wang2 Gou1 Jian4]
Amu Darya, the biggest river of Central Asia, from Pamir to Aral sea, forming the boundary between Afghanistan and Tajikistan then flowing through Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan / formerly called Oxus by Greek and Western writers, and Gihon by medieval Islamic writers
United Nations Centre for Facilitation of Procedures and Practices for Administration, Commerce and Transport / Centre for Facilitation of Procedures and Practices for Administration, Commerce and Transport
United Nations Asian and Pacific Centre for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery / Asian and Pacific Centre for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery
United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific / United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament for Asia and the Pacific
principle of integration and interrelationship, in particular in relation to human rights and social, economic and environmental objectives / principle of integration and interrelationship / integration principle
Central African Convention for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons, Their Ammunition and All Parts and Components That Can Be Used for Their Manufacture, Repair and Assembly / Kinshasa Convention
Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999) concerning Al-Qaida and the Taliban and associated individuals and entities / Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee / 1267 Committee
Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999) concerning Al-Qaida and the Taliban and associated individuals and entities / Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee / 1267 Committee
(TCM) the eight principal syndromes (used to differentiate pathological conditions): yin and yang, exterior and interior, cold and heat, hypofunction and hyperfunction
National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA), formerly SAPPRFT, the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (2013-2018) and SARFT, the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (prior to 2013)
lit. when a person attains enlightenment and immortality, even his chickens and dogs will ascend to heaven with him (idiom) / fig. when somebody attains a position of power and influence, their relatives and friends also benefit
lit. (when a person attains enlightenment and immortality), even his chickens and dogs will ascend to heaven with him (idiom) / fig. (when somebody attains a position of power and influence), their relatives and friends also benefit / (2nd half of the saying 一人得道，雞犬升天|一人得道，鸡犬升天[yi1ren2-de2dao4, ji1quan3-sheng1tian1])
ideological and political education (abbr. for 思想政治教育[si1 xiang3 zheng4 zhi4 jiao4 yu4]) (state-directed education in China aimed at promoting Marxism, patriotism and socialist values, particularly in schools and universities – also, more broadly, ideological guidance in workplaces, media and public discourse)
lit. warp and weft in weaving / vertically and horizontal / length and breadth / criss-crossed / able to move unhindered / abbr. for 合縱連橫|合纵连横[He2 zong4 Lian2 heng2], School of Diplomacy during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC)
Sun Tzu, also known as Sun Wu 孫武|孙武[Sun1 Wu3] (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War” 孫子兵法|孙子兵法[Sun1 zi3 Bing1 fa3], one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1]
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