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"Northern Dynasties (386-581)" Chinese-English Dictionary

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Chinese Pinyin Translation
北朝 běi cháo Northern Dynasties (386-581)
Chinese Pinyin Translation
北周 běi zhōu the Northern Zhou Dynasty (557-581) / one of the Northern Dynasties
西魏 xī wèi Western Wei of the Northern dynasties (535-557), formed from the break-up of Wei of the Northern Dynasties 北魏
东魏 東魏 dōng wèi Eastern Wei of the Northern dynasties (534-550), formed from the break-up of Wei of the Northern Dynasties 北魏
北魏 běi wèi Wei of the Northern Dynasties (386-534), founded by the Tuoba 拓跋 branch of Xianbei 鮮卑|鲜卑
拓拔 tuò bá branch of the Xianbei 鮮卑|鲜卑 nomadic people, founders of Wei 北魏 of the Northern Dynasties (386-534) / also written 拓跋
拓跋 tuò bá branch of the Xianbei 鮮卑|鲜卑 nomadic people, founders of Wei 北魏 of the Northern Dynasties (386-534) / also written 拓拔
后魏 後魏 hòu wèi Wei of the Northern Dynasties 386-534
拓跋魏 tuò bá wèi Wei of the Northern Dynasties (386-534)
均田制 jūn tián zhì equal-field system of Wei of the Northern dynasties 北魏 and Tang 唐 dynasties
齐书 齊書 qí shū History of Qi of the Southern Dynasties, seventh of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled by Xiao Zixian 蕭子顯|萧子显[Xiao1 Zi3 xian3] in 537 during Liang of the Southern Dynasties 南朝梁[Nan2 chao2 Liang2], 59 scrolls / usually 南齊書|南齐书[Nan2 Qi2 shu1] to distinguish from Northern Qi
魏书 魏書 wèi shū History of Wei of the Northern Dynasties, tenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled by Wei Shou 魏收[Wei4 Shou1] in 554 during Northern Qi Dynasty 北齊|北齐[Bei3 Qi2], 114 scrolls
杨业 楊業 yáng yè Yang Ye (died 986), Chinese military general of the Northern Han and the Northern Song dynasties, defended the Song against invasion by the Liao 遼|辽[Liao2]
魏收 wèi shōu Wei Shou (506-572), writer and historian of Northern dynasty Qi 北齊|北齐[Bei3 Qi2], compiler of History of Wei of the Northern dynasties 魏書|魏书[Wei4 shu1]
隋唐 suí táng Sui (581-617) and Tang dynasties (618-907)
庾信 yǔ xìn Yu Xin (513-581), poet from Liang of the Southern dynasties 南朝梁朝 and author of Lament for the South 哀江南賦|哀江南赋
五凉 五涼 wǔ liáng the five Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms, namely: Former Liang 前涼|前凉 (314-376), Later Liang 後涼|后凉 (386-403), Northern Liang 北涼|北凉 (398-439), Southern Liang 南涼|南凉[Nan2 Liang2] (397-414), Western Liang 西涼|西凉 (400-421)
历代 歷代 lì dài successive generations / successive dynasties / past dynasties syn
五代 wǔ dài Five Dynasties, period of history between the fall of the Tang dynasty (907) and the founding of the Song dynasty (960), when five would-be dynasties were established in quick succession in North China
侍郎 shì láng (Ming and Qing dynasties) vice-minister of one of the Six Boards / (also an official title in earlier dynasties)
宋书 宋書 sòng shū History of Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋[Nan2 chao2 Song4] or Liu Song 劉宋|刘宋[Liu2 Song4], sixth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled by Shen Yue 沈約|沈约[Shen3 Yue1] in 488 during Liang of the Southern Dynasties 南朝梁[Nan2 chao2 Liang2], 100 scrolls / (not to be confused with 宋史[Song4 shi3])
沈约 沈約 shěn yuē Shen Yue (441-513), writer and historian during Liang of Southern dynasties 南朝梁, compiler of History of Song of the Southern dynasties 宋書|宋书
北汉 北漢 běi hàn Han of the Five dynasties (951-979), one of ten kingdoms during the Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms period (907-960)
南齐书 南齊書 nán qí shū History of Qi of the Southern Dynasties, seventh of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled by Xiao Zixian 蕭子顯|萧子显[Xiao1 Zi3 xian3] in 537 during Liang of the Southern Dynasties 南朝梁[Nan2 chao2 Liang2], 59 scrolls
萧子显 蕭子顯 xiāo zǐ xiǎn Xiao Zixian (487-537), writer and historian of Liang of Southern Dynasties, compiler of History of Qi of the Southern dynasties 南齊書|南齐书[Nan2 Qi2 shu1]
南北朝 nán běi cháo Northern and Southern dynasties (420-589)
花木兰 花木蘭 huā mù lán Hua Mulan, legendary woman warrior (c. fifth century), Northern dynasties folk hero recorded in Sui and Tang literature
北齐 北齊 běi qí Qi of the Northern Dynasties (550-557)
周书 周書 zhōu shū History of Zhou of the Northern Dynasties, twelfth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Linghu Defen 令狐德棻[Ling2 hu2 De2 fen1] in 636 during Tang Dynasty, 50 scrolls
五代史 wǔ dài shǐ History of the Five Dynasties, eighteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Xue Juzheng 薛居正[Xue1 Ju1 zheng4] in 974 during Northern Song 北宋[Bei3 Song4], 150 scrolls
新五代史 xīn wǔ dài shǐ Later History of the Five Dynasties (between Tang and Song), nineteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修|欧阳修[Ou1 yang2 Xiu1] in 1053 during Northern Song Dynasty, 74 scrolls
北齐书 北齊書 běi qí shū History of Qi of the Northern Dynasties, eleventh of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled by Li Baiyao 李百藥|李百药[Li3 Bai3 yao4] in 636 during Tang Dynasty, 50 scrolls
旧五代史 舊五代史 jiù wǔ dài shǐ History of the Five Dynasties (between Tang and Song), eighteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Xue Juzheng 薛居正[Xue1 Ju1 zheng4] in 974 during Northern Song 北宋[Bei3 Song4], 150 scrolls
令狐德棻 líng hú dé fēn Linghu Defen (583-666), Tang dynasty historian, compiler of History of Zhou of the Northern dynasties 周書|周书
北史 běi shǐ History of the Northern Dynasties, fifteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled by Li Yanshou 李延壽|李延寿[Li3 Yan2 shou4] in 659 during Tang Dynasty, 100 scrolls
十六国春秋 十六國春秋 shí liù guó chūn qiū history of the Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439 by Cui Hong 崔鴻|崔鸿, written towards the end of Wei of the Northern Dynasties 北魏, 100 scrolls
崔鸿 崔鴻 cuī hóng Cui Hong, historian at the end of Wei of the Northern Dynasties 北魏
李延寿 李延壽 lǐ yán shòu Li Yanshou (fl. 650), compiler of History of the Southern 南史 and Northern Dynasties 北史
李百药 李百藥 lǐ bǎi yào Li Baiyao (565-648), Tang dynasty writer and historian, compiler of History of Qi of the Northern dynasties 北齊書|北齐书
武定 wǔ dìng Wuding reign name (543-550) during Eastern Wei of the Northern Dynasties 東魏|东魏[Dong1 Wei4] / see 武定縣|武定县[Wu3ding4 Xian4]
长乐 長樂 cháng lè Changle, a district of Fuzhou City 福州市[Fu2zhou1 Shi4], Fujian / Princess Changle of Western Wei of the Northern Dynasties 西魏[Xi1 Wei4], given in marriage c. 545 to Bumin Khan 土門|土门[Tu3men2]
长乐公主 長樂公主 cháng lè gōng zhǔ Princess Changle of Western Wei of the Northern dynasties 西魏[Xi1 Wei4], given in marriage c. 545 to Bumin Khan 土門|土门[Tu3 men2]
猃狁 獫狁 xiǎn yǔn Zhou Dynasty term for a northern nomadic tribe later called the Xiongnu 匈奴[Xiong1 nu2] in the Qin and Han Dynasties
後凉 hòu liáng Later Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms (386-403)
后凉 後涼 hòu liáng Later Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms (386-403)
北大荒 běi dà huāng the Great Northern Wilderness (in Northern China)
北伐战争 北伐戰爭 běi fá zhàn zhēng the Northern Expedition, the Nationalists' campaign of 1926-1927 under Chiang Kaishek against the Northern Warlords
安南 ān nán Annam (Tang Dynasty protectorate located in what is now northern Vietnam) / Annam (autonomous kingdom located in what is now northern Vietnam, 10th-15th century) / Annam (central part of Vietnam during the French colonial period) / old name for Vietnam / Annan District in Tainan 臺南|台南[Tai2 nan2], Taiwan / Kofi Annan (1938-2018), UN secretary-general 1997-2006
Northern吸取法 northērnxi qǔ fǎ Northern blotting / Northern blot
北区总部 北區總部 běi qū zǒng bù northern sector headquarters / northern headquarters
苏丹北方复员委员会 蘇丹北方複員委員會 Northern Sudan Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Commission / Northern Sudan DDR Commission
隋朝 suí cháo Sui dynasty (581-617)
杨坚 楊堅 yáng jiān first Sui emperor Yang Jian (541-604), reigned 581-604
隋代 suí dài Sui dynasty (581-617)
孙思邈 孫思邈 sūn sī miǎo Sun Simiao (c. 581-682), doctor and herbalist of the Sui and Tang dynasty, author of Prescriptions Worth a Thousand in Gold 千金要方[Qian1 jin1 Yao4 fang1]
赵州桥 趙州橋 zhào zhōu qiáo Zhaozhou Bridge over Xiao River 洨河[Xiao2 He2] in Zhao county 趙縣|赵县[Zhao4 Xian4], Shijiazhuang, Hebei, dating back to the Sui dynasty 隋代[Sui2 dai4] (581-617) and the world's oldest extant stone arch bridge
隋 suí the Sui dynasty (581-617 AD) / surname Sui
隋文帝 suí wén dì Wendi (541-604), posthumous name of the first Sui emperor, reigned 581-604
隋文帝杨坚 隋文帝楊堅 suí wén dì yáng jiān first Sui emperor (541-604) Yang Jian (541-604), reigned 581-604
顾野王 顧野王 gù yě wáng Gu Yewang (519-581), historian and an interpreter of classical texts, editor of Yupian 玉篇[Yu4 pian1]
九州 jiǔ zhōu division of China during earliest dynasties / fig. ancient China / Kyūshū, southernmost of Japan's four major islands syn
明清 míng qīng the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties
三代 sān dài three generations of a family / the three earliest dynasties (Xia, Shang and Zhou)
丞相 chéng xiàng the most senior minister of many kingdoms or dynasties (with varying roles) / prime minister syn
匈奴 xiōng nú Xiongnu, a people of the Eastern Steppe who created an empire that flourished around the time of the Qin and Han dynasties
宋朝 sòng cháo Song Dynasty (960-1279) / also Song of Southern dynasties 南朝宋 (420-479)
秦汉 秦漢 qín hàn the Qin (221-207 BC) and Han (206 BC-220 AD) dynasties
中古 zhōng gǔ medieval / Middle Ages / Chinese middle antiquity, 3rd to 9th centuries, including Sui and Tang Dynasties / Middle (of a language, e.g. Middle English) / used / second-hand
唐宋 táng sòng the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties
判官 pàn guān magistrate (during Tang and Song dynasties) / mythological underworld judge
魏晋 魏晉 wèi jìn Wei (220-265) and Jin (265-420) dynasties
南朝 nán cháo Southern Dynasties (420-589)
土司 tǔ sī sliced bread (loanword from "toast") / government-appointed hereditary tribal headman in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties
建康 jiàn kāng old name for Nanjing 南京, esp. during Southern dynasties
六朝 liù cháo Six Dynasties (220-589)
刘裕 劉裕 liú yù Liu Yu, founder of Song of the Southern dynasties 劉宋|刘宋[Liu2 Song4], broke away from Eastern Jin in 420, reigned as Emperor Wu of Song 宋武帝[Song4 Wu3 di4]
南苑 nán yuàn Nanyuan or "Southern Park", an imperial hunting domain during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, now the site of Nanhaizi Park in the south of Beijing
南唐 nán táng Tang of the Five Southern Dynasties 937-975
后汉书 後漢書 hòu hàn shū History of Eastern Han (later Han), third of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], composed by Fan Ye 范曄|范晔[Fan4 Ye4] in 445 during Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋[Nan2 chao2 Song4], 120 scrolls
施琅 shī láng Shi Lang (1621-1696), Chinese admiral who served under the Ming and Qing dynasties
魏晋南北朝 魏晉南北朝 wèi jìn nán běi cháo Wei, Jin and North-South dynasties / generic term for historic period 220-589 between Han and Sui
国子监 國子監 guó zǐ jiàn Guozijian, the highest educational administrative body in imperial China, in some dynasties also functioning as the highest institution of academic research and learning (Imperial College, aka Imperial Academy)
后汉 後漢 hòu hàn Later Han or Eastern Han dynasty (25-220) / Later Han of the Five Dynasties (947-950)
士族 shì zú land-owning class, esp. during Wei, Jin and North-South dynasties 魏晉南北朝|魏晋南北朝[Wei4 Jin4 Nan2 Bei3 Chao2]
后周 後周 hòu zhōu Later Zhou of the Five Dynasties (951-960), centered on Shandong and Hebei, with capital at Kaifeng 開封|开封[Kai1 feng1]
八股文 bā gǔ wén eight-part essay one had to master to pass the imperial exams in Ming and Qing dynasties syn
旧唐书 舊唐書 jiù táng shū History of the Early Tang Dynasty, sixteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Liu Xu 劉昫|刘昫[Liu2 Xu4] in 945 during Later Jin 後晉|后晋[Hou4 Jin4] of the Five Dynasties, 200 scrolls
后唐 後唐 hòu táng Later Tang of the Five Dynasties (923-936)
谢灵运 謝靈運 xiè líng yùn Xie Lingyun (385-433) poet during Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋
夏商周 xià shāng zhōu Xia, Shang and Zhou, the earliest named Chinese dynasties
后梁 後梁 hòu liáng Later Liang of the Five Dynasties (907-923)
唐书 唐書 táng shū same as 舊唐書|旧唐书[Jiu4 Tang2 shu1], History of the Early Tang Dynasty, sixteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Liu Xu 劉昫|刘昫[Liu2 Xu4] in 945 during Later Jin 後晉|后晋[Hou4 Jin4] of the Five Dynasties, 200 scrolls
南朝梁 nán cháo liáng Liang of the Southern dynasties (502-557)
顾恺之 顧愷之 gù kǎi zhī Gu Kaizhi or Ku K'aichih (346-407), famous painter of Eastern Jin dynasty, one of the Four Great Painters of the Six Dynasties 六朝四大家
梁书 梁書 liáng shū History of Liang of the Southern Dynasties, eighth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled by Yao Silian 姚思廉[Yao2 Si1 lian2] in 636 during Tang dynasty, 56 scrolls
蟒袍 mǎng páo official robe worn by ministers during the Ming 明 (1368-1644) and Qing 清 (1644-1911) dynasties syn
以夷制夷 yǐ yí zhì yí to use foreigners to subdue foreigners (idiom) / let the barbarians fight it out among themselves (traditional policy of successive dynasties) / Use Western science and technology to counter imperialist encroachment. (late Qing modernizing slogan)
宋 sòng surname Song / the Song dynasty (960-1279) / Song of the Southern Dynasties (420-479) 南朝宋[Nan2chao2 Song4]
糺 jiǔ army (used during the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties)
宬 chéng (literary) archive room / library (esp. in the imperial palace in the Ming and Qing dynasties)
The four tones The four tones of Mandarin Pitch over time: tone 1 high and level (red), tone 2 rising (orange), tone 3 falling then rising (green), tone 4 falling (blue). tone 1 tone 2 tone 3 tone 4 Time Pitch

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