South Korea (Republic of Korea) / Han, one of the Seven Hero States of the Warring States 戰國七雄|战国七雄[zhan4 guo2 qi1 xiong2] / Korea from the fall of the Joseon dynasty in 1897
Han, one of the Seven Hero States of the Warring States 戰國七雄|战国七雄 / Korea from the fall of the Joseon dynasty in 1897 / Korea, esp. South Korea 大韓民國|大韩民国 / surname Han
Gangwon Province of Korea during Joseon Dynasty / Kangwon province of North Korea / Gangwon province in northeast South Korea, capital Chuncheon 春川[Chun1 chuan1]
Hamgyeong Province of Joseon dynasty Korea, now divided into North Hamgyeong Province 咸鏡北道|咸镜北道[Xian2 jing4 bei3 dao4] and South Hamgyeong Province 咸鏡南道|咸镜南道[Xian2 jing4 nan2 dao4] of North Korea
Hamgyeongdo Province of Joseon Korea, now divided into North Hamgyeong Province 咸鏡北道|咸镜北道[Xian2 jing4 bei3 dao4] and South Hamgyeong Province 咸鏡南道|咸镜南道[Xian2 jing4 nan2 dao4] of North Korea
P'yong'ando Province of Joseon Korea, now divided into South Pyong'an Province 平安南道[Ping2 an1 nan2 dao4] and North Pyong'an Province 平安北道[Ping2 an1 bei3 dao4] of North Korea
Chungcheong Province of Joseon Korea, now divided into North Chungcheong province 忠清北道[Zhong1 qing1 bei3 dao4] and South Chungcheong province 忠清南道[Zhong1 qing1 nan2 dao4] of South Korea
Chungcheong Province of Joseon Korea, now divided into North Chungcheong province 忠淸北道[Zhong1 qing1 bei3 dao4] and South Chungcheong province 忠淸南道[Zhong1 qing1 nan2 dao4] of South Korea
Chungcheong Province of Joseon Korea, now divided into North Chungcheong province 忠清北道[Zhong1 qing1 bei3 dao4] and South Chungcheong province 忠清南道[Zhong1 qing1 nan2 dao4] of South Korea
Chungcheong Province of Joseon Korea, now divided into North Chungcheong province 忠清北道[Zhong1 qing1 bei3 dao4] and South Chungcheong province 忠清南道[Zhong1 qing1 nan2 dao4] of South Korea
(Korean term) women who returned to Korea after being abducted during the Manchu invasions of Korea in the 17th century, only to be regarded as defiled and therefore ostracized, even by their own families
Huang Zunxian (1848-1905), Qing dynasty poet and diplomat, author of A Record of Japan 日本國誌|日本国志[Ri4 ben3 Guo2 zhi4], an extended analysis of Meiji Japan
special administrative region (SAR), of which there are two in the PRC: Hong Kong 香港 and Macau 澳門|澳门 / refers to many different areas during late Qing, foreign occupation, warlord period and Nationalist government / refers to special zones in North Korea and Indonesia
(term coined c. 1920s) unequal treaty – a treaty between China and one or more aggressor nations (including Russia, Japan and various Western powers) which imposed humiliating conditions on China (in the 19th and early 20th centuries)
the Three Worlds (as proposed by Mao Zedong), i.e. the superpowers (USA and USSR), other wealthy countries (UK, France, Japan etc), and the developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America
Tianjin agreement of 1885 between Li Hongzhang 李鴻章|李鸿章[Li3 Hong2 zhang1] and ITŌ Hirobumi 伊藤博文[Yi1 teng2 Bo2 wen2] to pull Qing and Japanese troops out of Korea
lit. rich country, strong army (idiom) / slogan of legalist philosophers in pre-Han times / Make the country wealthy and the military powerful, slogan of modernizers in Qing China and Meiji Japan (Japanese pronunciation: Fukoku kyōhei)
to abandon the old (Asian) ways and learn from Europe / refers to the ideas that led to the Meiji Restoration and Japan's subsequent colonization projects in Asia
drugstore / pharmacy (one that offers health, beauty, and wellness products in addition to medicines – a type of store popular in Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong)
south of Changjiang or Yangtze river / south of the lower reaches of Changjiang / often refers to south Jiangsu, south Anhui and north Zhejiang provinces / a province during Qing times / in literature, refers to the sunny south / Gangnam (district in Seoul, South Korea)
Tripitaka Koreana, Buddhist scriptures carved on 81,340 wooden tablets and housed in the Haein Temple 海印寺[Hai3 yin4 si4] in South Gyeongsang province of South Korea
Gyeongsang Province of Joseon Korea, now divided into North Gyeongsang Province 慶尚北道|庆尚北道[Qing4 shang4 bei3 dao4] and South Gyeongsang Province 慶尚南道|庆尚南道[Qing4 shang4 nan2 dao4]
Jeolla or Cholla Province of Joseon Korea, now divided into North Jeolla Province 全羅北道|全罗北道[Quan2 luo2 bei3 dao4] and South Jeolla Province 全羅南道|全罗南道[Quan2 luo2 nan2 dao4]
Tripitaka Koreana, Buddhist scriptures carved on 81,340 wooden tablets and housed in the Haein Temple 海印寺[Hai3 yin4 si4] in South Gyeongsang province of South Korea
Tripitaka Koreana, Buddhist scriptures carved on 81,340 wooden tablets and housed in the Haein Temple 海印寺[Hai3 yin4 si4] in South Gyeongsang province of South Korea
Tripitaka Koreana, Buddhist scriptures carved on 81,340 wooden tablets and housed in the Haein Temple 海印寺[Hai3 yin4 si4] in South Gyeongsang province of South Korea
Fried Rice with Egg Festival, informally observed annually on November 25 as the anniversary of the death in 1950 of Mao Zedong's son Mao Anying, by people who are grateful that Mao's grip on China did not extend to a second generation (The younger Mao died in an American air raid in Korea, and, according to a popular account, his death was the result of cooking fried rice with egg, which produced smoke detected by US forces.)
New Armies (modernized Qing armies, trained and equipped according to Western standards, founded after Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895)
Border Region currency, issued by the Communist Border Region governments during the War against Japan and the War of Liberation
The four tones
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