Zhonghua, historical and cultural term for China, often used to denote Chinese civilization and identity (as in 中華文化|中华文化[Zhong1hua2 wen2hua4] "Chinese culture") / used in the official name of the Republic of China, 中華民國|中华民国[Zhong1hua2 Min2guo2]
Greater China / refers to China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau (esp. in finance and economics) / refers to all areas of Chinese presence (esp. in the cultural field), including parts of Southeast Asia, Europe and the Americas
sb who has come back to China after gaining overseas experience (a pun on 海龜|海龟[hai3 gui1]) / to return to China after a period of study or work overseas
Dorgon (1612-1651), fourteenth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤[Nu3 er3 ha1 chi4], successful general, instrumental in Manchu conquest of China, ruled China as regent 1644-1650 for his nephew Emperor Shunzhi 順治帝|顺治帝[Shun4 zhi4 di4]
(term coined c. 1920s) unequal treaty – a treaty between China and one or more aggressor nations (including Russia, Japan and various Western powers) which imposed humiliating conditions on China (in the 19th and early 20th centuries)
you (Note: In Taiwan, 妳 is used to address females, but in mainland China, it is not commonly used. Instead, 你 is used to address both males and females.)
home / family / (polite) my (sister, uncle etc) / classifier for families or businesses / refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China / noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian / CL:個|个[ge4]
variant of 拉[la2] (Note: 剌[la2] was the character used prior to simplification and remains the standard in Taiwan, while in mainland China, 拉[la2] has replaced 剌[la2])
(of a train, bus etc) to pull into a station / to arrive at a stop / (of a person) to enter a station / to visit a website / to formally begin a temporary postdoctoral research position (China has postdoctoral research "stations" 博士後流動站|博士后流动站[bo2shi4hou4 liu2dong4zhan4] where postdocs conduct research for a limited period.)
nationalism / national self-determination / principle of nationalism, the first of Dr Sun Yat-sen's 孫中山|孙中山 Three Principles of the People 三民主義|三民主义 (at the time, meaning parity between China and the great powers) / racism
Five Dynasties, period of history between the fall of the Tang dynasty (907) and the founding of the Song dynasty (960), when five would-be dynasties were established in quick succession in North China
James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin (1811-1863), British High Commissioner to China who ordered the looting and destruction of the Old Winter Palace Yuanmingyuan 圓明園|圆明园 in 1860 / Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin (1766-1841), who stole the Parthenon Marbles in 1801-1810
Diaoyu Islands, located between Taiwan and Okinawa, controlled by Japan – which calls them the Senkaku Islands – but claimed by China
The four tones
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