大 dà big / large / great / older (than another person) / eldest (as in 大姐[da4jie3]) / greatly / freely / fully / (dialect) father / (dialect) uncle (father's brother) syn 妈妈 媽媽 mā ma mama / mommy / mother / CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4] syn 咱们 咱們 zán men we or us (including both the speaker and the person(s) spoken to) / (dialect) I or me / (dialect) (in a coaxing or familiar way) you / also pr. [za2 men5] syn 母亲 母親 mǔ qīn mother / also pr. [mu3 qin5] / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 父母 fù mǔ father and mother / parents syn 阿姨 ā yí maternal aunt / step-mother / childcare worker / nursemaid / woman of similar age to one's parents (term of address used by child) / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 祖母 zǔ mǔ father's mother / paternal grandmother syn 外婆 wài pó (coll.) mother's mother / maternal grandmother syn 着 著 zhāo a move in chess (Taiwan pr. [zhuo2]) / trick / tactic / (dialect) okay / all right / (dialect) to put in / to add syn 执法 執法 zhí fǎ to enforce a law / law enforcement 姨妈 姨媽 yí mā (coll.) mother's sister / maternal aunt syn 老太太 lǎo tài tai elderly lady (respectful) / esteemed mother / CL:位[wei4] syn 大地 dà dì earth / mother earth syn 舅舅 jiù jiu mother's brother / maternal uncle (informal) / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 外公 wài gōng (coll.) mother's father / maternal grandfather syn 婆婆 pó po husband's mother / mother-in-law / grandma syn 风光 風光 fēng guāng scene / view / sight / landscape / to be well-regarded / to be well-off / grand (dialect) / impressive (dialect) syn 定律 dìng lǜ scientific law (e.g. law of conservation of energy) / (in human affairs) a generalization based on observation (e.g. "power corrupts") syn 娘娘 niáng niang queen / empress / imperial concubine / Goddess, esp. Xi Wangmu 王母娘娘 or 西王母, Queen Mother of the West / mother / aunt syn 老娘 lǎo niáng my old mother / I, this old woman / my old lady (colloquial) / maternal grandmother / midwife syn 母女 mǔ nǚ mother and daughter / mother-daughter 老奶奶 lǎo nǎi nai (coll.) father's father's mother / paternal great-grandmother / respectful form of address for an old woman syn 姥姥 lǎo lao (coll.) mother's mother / maternal grandmother syn 生母 shēng mǔ natural mother / birth mother syn 母亲节 母親節 mǔ qīn jié Mother's Day 母子 mǔ zǐ mother and child / parent and subsidiary (companies) / principal and interest 岳母 yuè mǔ wife's mother, mother-in-law syn 严刑 嚴刑 yán xíng strict law / cruel punishment / to carry out cruel law rigorously syn 母体 母體 mǔ tǐ (zoology, medicine) mother's body / (chemistry etc) parent / matrix / (statistics) population / parent population 伯母 bó mǔ wife of father's elder brother / aunt / (polite form of address for a woman who is about the age of one's mother) / CL:個|个[ge4] syn 外祖母 wài zǔ mǔ mother's mother / maternal grandmother syn 起诉书 起訴書 qǐ sù shū indictment (law) / statement of charges (law) syn 马利亚 馬利亞 mǎ lì yà Maria (name) / Mary, mother of Jesus Christ 外祖父 wài zǔ fù maternal grandfather (i.e. mother's father) syn 母语 母語 mǔ yǔ native language / mother tongue / (linguistics) parent language 助产 助產 zhù chǎn to help a mother give birth 养母 養母 yǎng mǔ foster mother / adoptive mother syn 亲家 親家 qìng jia parents of one's daughter-in-law or son-in-law / relatives by marriage syn 丈母娘 zhàng mǔ niáng wife's mother / mother-in-law syn 姨父 yí fu husband of mother's sister / uncle syn 王法 wáng fǎ the law / the law of the land / the law of a state (in former times) / criterion syn 母猪 母豬 mǔ zhū sow / mother pig 黄牛 黃牛 huáng niú ox / cattle / scalper of tickets etc / (dialect) to fail to show up / (dialect) to break a promise syn 以身试法 以身試法 yǐ shēn shì fǎ to challenge the law (idiom) / to knowingly violate the law syn 护法 護法 hù fǎ to keep the law / to protect Buddha's teachings / protector of Buddhist law (i.e. temple donor) 家母 jiā mǔ (polite) my mother syn 法治 fǎ zhì rule of law / to rule by law syn 姨丈 yí zhàng mother's sister's husband / husband of mother's sister syn 阿婆 ā pó granny / mother-in-law syn 慈母 cí mǔ warm, caring mother syn 舅父 jiù fù mother's brother / maternal uncle syn 种花 種花 zhòng huā to grow flowers / (dialect) to vaccinate / (dialect) to grow cotton syn 干妈 乾媽 gān mā adoptive mother (traditional adoption, i.e. without legal ramifications) syn 令堂 lìng táng (honorific) your mother syn 贪赃枉法 貪贓枉法 tān zāng wǎng fǎ corruption and abuse of the law (idiom) / to take bribes and bend the law syn 姨母 yí mǔ mother's sister / maternal aunt syn 天道 tiān dào natural law / heavenly law / weather (dialect) syn 公司法 gōng sī fǎ corporations law / company law / corporate law 大姨 dà yí aunt (mother's eldest sister) / (respectful term of address for a woman who is about the age of one's mother) syn 舅母 jiù mǔ wife of mother's brother / aunt / maternal uncle's wife syn 二老 èr lǎo mother and father / parents syn 姨夫 yí fu mother's sister's husband / husband of mother's sister syn 新妇 新婦 xīn fù bride / (dialect) daughter-in-law syn 母机 母機 mǔ jī machine tool / mother ship syn 习惯法 習慣法 xí guàn fǎ customary law / common law 阿妈 阿媽 ā mā grandma (paternal) (Tw) / (dialect) mother / nurse / amah / (Manchu) father syn 婆媳 pó xí mother-in-law and daughter-in-law 大方 dà fāng expert / scholar / mother earth / a type of green tea syn 老妈 老媽 lǎo mā mother / mom 所生 suǒ shēng parents (father and mother) 拿捏 ná niē (lit. and fig.) to grasp / to control / (dialect) affecting shyness / coy / (dialect) to deliberately create difficulties / to threaten 小姨 xiǎo yí mother's youngest sister / wife's younger sister / sister-in-law 贤妻良母 賢妻良母 xián qī liáng mǔ a good wife and loving mother 咧咧 liē liē (dialect) to cry / to whimper / (dialect) to talk drivel 西王母 xī wáng mǔ Xi Wangmu, Queen Mother of the West, keeper of the peaches of immortality / popularly known as 王母娘娘 syn 代孕 dài yùn to serve as a surrogate mother / surrogacy 待产 待產 dài chǎn (of an expectant mother) to be in labor syn 隔山 gé shān half-sibling relationship / brothers with different mother / step- 月嫂 yuè sǎo woman hired to take care of a newborn child and its mother in the month after childbirth 法政 fá zhèng law and government / law and politics syn 大姨妈 大姨媽 dà yí mā mother's eldest sister (older than one's mother) / (coll.) (euphemism) Aunt Flo (i.e. menstrual period) 小阿姨 xiǎo ā yí auntie, youngest of sisters in mother's family 六亲 六親 liù qīn six close relatives, namely: father 父[fu4], mother 母[mu3], older brothers 兄[xiong1], younger brothers 弟[di4], wife 妻[qi1], male children 子[zi3] / one's kin syn 义母 義母 yì mǔ adoptive mother syn 圣母玛利亚 聖母瑪利亞 shèng mǔ mǎ lì yà Mary (mother of Jesus) 宗主国 宗主國 zōng zhǔ guó suzerain state / mother country (of a colony) 妈 媽 mā ma / mom / mother syn 母 mǔ mother / elderly female relative / origin / source / (of animals) female syn 奶 嬭 nǎi mother / variant of 奶[nai3] syn 婆 pó (bound form) grandmother / (bound form) matron / (bound form) mother-in-law / (slang) femme (in a lesbian relationship) syn 兴 興 xīng to rise / to flourish / to become popular / to start / to encourage / to get up / (often used in the negative) to permit or allow (dialect) / maybe (dialect) syn 姨 yí mother's sister / aunt syn 姑 gū paternal aunt / husband's sister / husband's mother (old) / nun / for the time being (literary) syn 曾祖母 zēng zǔ mǔ father's father's mother / paternal great-grandmother syn 瑶 瑤 yáo jade / precious stone / mother-of-pearl / nacre / precious / used a complementary honorific 执法如山 執法如山 zhí fǎ rú shān to maintain the law as firm as a mountain (idiom) / to enforce the law strictly syn 王太后 wáng tài hòu Queen Dowager (in Europe) / widowed queen / Queen mother 安德海 ān dé hǎi An Dehai (-1869), the Qing equivalent of Rasputin, all-powerful court eunuch with the dowager empress Cixi 慈禧太后[Ci2 xi3 tai4 hou4], executed in 1869 by her rival Empress Mother Empress Dowager Ci'an 慈安皇太后 丈母 zhàng mǔ wife's mother / mother-in-law syn 恃 shì (bound form) to rely on / (literary) one's mother syn 